diff --git a/libraries/test_utils/src/main/java/androidx/media3/test/utils/VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner.java b/libraries/test_utils/src/main/java/androidx/media3/test/utils/VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner.java
index 5481badb4b..c71a8e1477 100644
--- a/libraries/test_utils/src/main/java/androidx/media3/test/utils/VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner.java
+++ b/libraries/test_utils/src/main/java/androidx/media3/test/utils/VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner.java
@@ -338,7 +338,11 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
                         mediaFormat.getInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_HEIGHT))
                     .setPixelWidthHeightRatio(pixelWidthHeightRatio)
                     .build());
-            awaitVideoFrameProcessorReady();
+            try {
+              awaitVideoFrameProcessorReady();
+            } catch (VideoFrameProcessingException e) {
+              throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
             checkState(videoFrameProcessor.registerInputFrame());
           }
 
@@ -353,16 +357,13 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
 
   public void queueInputBitmap(
       Bitmap inputBitmap, long durationUs, long offsetToAddUs, float frameRate)
-      throws InterruptedException {
+      throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     queueInputBitmap(inputBitmap, durationUs, offsetToAddUs, frameRate, ColorInfo.SRGB_BT709_FULL);
   }
 
   public void queueInputBitmap(
-      Bitmap inputBitmap,
-      long durationUs,
-      long offsetToAddUs,
-      float frameRate,
-      ColorInfo colorInfo) {
+      Bitmap inputBitmap, long durationUs, long offsetToAddUs, float frameRate, ColorInfo colorInfo)
+      throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     videoFrameProcessorReadyCondition.close();
     videoFrameProcessor.registerInputStream(
         INPUT_TYPE_BITMAP,
@@ -377,12 +378,14 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
             inputBitmap, new ConstantRateTimestampIterator(durationUs, frameRate)));
   }
 
-  public void queueInputBitmaps(int width, int height, Pair<Bitmap, TimestampIterator>... frames) {
+  public void queueInputBitmaps(int width, int height, Pair<Bitmap, TimestampIterator>... frames)
+      throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     queueInputBitmaps(width, height, ColorInfo.SRGB_BT709_FULL, frames);
   }
 
   public void queueInputBitmaps(
-      int width, int height, ColorInfo colorInfo, Pair<Bitmap, TimestampIterator>... frames) {
+      int width, int height, ColorInfo colorInfo, Pair<Bitmap, TimestampIterator>... frames)
+      throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     videoFrameProcessorReadyCondition.close();
     videoFrameProcessor.registerInputStream(
         INPUT_TYPE_BITMAP,
@@ -397,7 +400,7 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
   }
 
   public void queueInputTexture(GlTextureInfo inputTexture, long pts, ColorInfo colorInfo)
-      throws InterruptedException {
+      throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     videoFrameProcessor.registerInputStream(
         INPUT_TYPE_TEXTURE_ID,
         effects,
@@ -418,18 +421,18 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
   }
 
   /** {@link #endFrameProcessing(long)} with {@link #VIDEO_FRAME_PROCESSING_WAIT_MS} applied. */
-  public void endFrameProcessing() {
+  public void endFrameProcessing() throws Exception {
     endFrameProcessing(VIDEO_FRAME_PROCESSING_WAIT_MS);
   }
 
   /**
    * Ends {@link VideoFrameProcessor} frame processing.
    *
-   * <p>Waits for frame processing to end, for {@code videoFrameProcessingWaitTimeMs}.
+   * <p>Waits for frame processing to end, for {@code videoFrameProcessingWaitMs}.
    */
-  public void endFrameProcessing(long videoFrameProcessingWaitTimeMs) {
+  public void endFrameProcessing(long videoFrameProcessingWaitMs) throws Exception {
     signalEndOfInput();
-    awaitFrameProcessingEnd(videoFrameProcessingWaitTimeMs);
+    awaitFrameProcessingEnd(videoFrameProcessingWaitMs);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -448,11 +451,11 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
   }
 
   /** After {@link #signalEndOfInput}, is called, wait for this instance to end. */
-  public void awaitFrameProcessingEnd(long videoFrameProcessingWaitTimeMs) {
+  public void awaitFrameProcessingEnd(long videoFrameProcessingWaitMs) throws Exception {
     @Nullable Exception endFrameProcessingException = null;
     try {
       if (!checkNotNull(videoFrameProcessingEndedLatch)
-          .await(videoFrameProcessingWaitTimeMs, MILLISECONDS)) {
+          .await(videoFrameProcessingWaitMs, MILLISECONDS)) {
         endFrameProcessingException =
             new IllegalStateException("Video frame processing timed out.");
       }
@@ -460,8 +463,12 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
       Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
       endFrameProcessingException = e;
     }
-    checkState(videoFrameProcessingException.get() == null);
-    checkState(endFrameProcessingException == null);
+    if (videoFrameProcessingException.get() != null) {
+      throw videoFrameProcessingException.get();
+    }
+    if (endFrameProcessingException != null) {
+      throw endFrameProcessingException;
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -552,10 +559,12 @@ public final class VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner {
     };
   }
 
-  private void awaitVideoFrameProcessorReady() {
+  private void awaitVideoFrameProcessorReady() throws VideoFrameProcessingException {
     try {
       videoFrameProcessorReadyCondition.block();
-      checkState(videoFrameProcessingException.get() == null);
+      if (videoFrameProcessingException.get() != null) {
+        throw videoFrameProcessingException.get();
+      }
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
       Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
       throw new IllegalStateException(e);
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest.java
index 6d3c8e2815..66d343a37f 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest.java
@@ -777,7 +777,8 @@ public final class DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest {
      * Queues {@code durationSec} bitmaps, with one bitmap per second, starting from and including
      * {@code 0} seconds. Sources have a {@code frameRate} of {@code 1}.
      */
-    public void queueBitmapToAllInputs(int durationSec) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    public void queueBitmapToAllInputs(int durationSec)
+        throws IOException, VideoFrameProcessingException {
       for (int i = 0; i < inputVideoFrameProcessorTestRunners.size(); i++) {
         inputVideoFrameProcessorTestRunners
             .get(i)
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ public final class DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest {
     }
 
     public void queueBitmapToInput(int inputId, List<Long> timestamps)
-        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        throws IOException, VideoFrameProcessingException {
       Bitmap bitmap = readBitmapUnpremultipliedAlpha(ORIGINAL_PNG_ASSET_PATH);
       inputVideoFrameProcessorTestRunners
           .get(inputId)
@@ -800,7 +801,7 @@ public final class DefaultVideoCompositorPixelTest {
               Pair.create(bitmap, createTimestampIterator(timestamps)));
     }
 
-    public void endCompositing() {
+    public void endCompositing() throws Exception {
       for (int i = 0; i < inputVideoFrameProcessorTestRunners.size(); i++) {
         inputVideoFrameProcessorTestRunners.get(i).signalEndOfInput();
       }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorMultipleTextureOutputPixelTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorMultipleTextureOutputPixelTest.java
index 587d5a37d1..2922552921 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorMultipleTextureOutputPixelTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorMultipleTextureOutputPixelTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import android.graphics.Bitmap;
 import android.util.Pair;
+import androidx.media3.common.VideoFrameProcessingException;
 import androidx.media3.common.VideoFrameProcessor;
 import androidx.media3.effect.DefaultVideoFrameProcessor;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.BitmapPixelTestUtil;
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ public class DefaultVideoFrameProcessorMultipleTextureOutputPixelTest {
       VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner videoFrameProcessorTestRunner,
       String bitmapAssetPath,
       List<Long> timestamps)
-      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+      throws IOException, VideoFrameProcessingException {
     Bitmap bitmap = readBitmap(bitmapAssetPath);
     videoFrameProcessorTestRunner.queueInputBitmaps(
         bitmap.getWidth(),
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest.java
index ca67775293..eec640ab4d 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest.java
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest {
     DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.Factory defaultVideoFrameProcessorFactory =
         new DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.Factory.Builder()
             .setTextureOutput(
-                (outputTextureProducer, outputTexture, presentationTimeUs, syncObject) ->
+                (outputTextureProducer, outputTexture, presentationTimeUs, syncObject) -> {
+                  try {
                     inputTextureIntoVideoFrameProcessor(
                         testId,
                         consumersBitmapReader,
@@ -502,7 +503,11 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest {
                         outputTexture,
                         outputTextureProducer,
                         presentationTimeUs,
-                        syncObject),
+                        syncObject);
+                  } catch (Exception e) {
+                    throw VideoFrameProcessingException.from(e, presentationTimeUs);
+                  }
+                },
                 /* textureOutputCapacity= */ 1)
             .build();
     return new VideoFrameProcessorTestRunner.Builder()
@@ -523,7 +528,7 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest {
       GlTextureProducer textureProducer,
       long presentationTimeUs,
       long syncObject)
-      throws VideoFrameProcessingException, GlUtil.GlException {
+      throws Exception {
     GlObjectsProvider contextSharingGlObjectsProvider =
         new DefaultGlObjectsProvider(GlUtil.getCurrentContext());
     DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.Factory defaultVideoFrameProcessorFactory =
@@ -545,12 +550,7 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessorTextureOutputPixelTest {
             .setEffects(effects)
             .build();
     GlUtil.awaitSyncObject(syncObject);
-    try {
-      videoFrameProcessorTestRunner.queueInputTexture(texture, presentationTimeUs, colorInfo);
-    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-      throw VideoFrameProcessingException.from(e);
-    }
+    videoFrameProcessorTestRunner.queueInputTexture(texture, presentationTimeUs, colorInfo);
     videoFrameProcessorTestRunner.endFrameProcessing(VIDEO_FRAME_PROCESSING_WAIT_MS / 2);
     textureProducer.releaseOutputTexture(presentationTimeUs);
   }