diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample.mp4.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample.mp4.dump
index dd820ba6ab..c5991e7a4b 100644
--- a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample.mp4.dump
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample.mp4.dump
@@ -285,30 +285,6 @@ sample:
   size = 230
   isKeyFrame = true
   presentationTimeUs = 67627
-sample:
-  trackIndex = 1
-  dataHashCode = -1830836678
-  size = 1051
-  isKeyFrame = false
-  presentationTimeUs = 500500
-sample:
-  trackIndex = 1
-  dataHashCode = 1767407540
-  size = 874
-  isKeyFrame = false
-  presentationTimeUs = 467133
-sample:
-  trackIndex = 1
-  dataHashCode = 918440283
-  size = 781
-  isKeyFrame = false
-  presentationTimeUs = 533866
-sample:
-  trackIndex = 1
-  dataHashCode = -1408463661
-  size = 4725
-  isKeyFrame = false
-  presentationTimeUs = 700700
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = -997198863
@@ -399,6 +375,30 @@ sample:
   size = 6
   isKeyFrame = true
   presentationTimeUs = 107644
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 1
+  dataHashCode = -1830836678
+  size = 1051
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 500500
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 1
+  dataHashCode = 1767407540
+  size = 874
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 467133
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 1
+  dataHashCode = 918440283
+  size = 781
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 533866
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 1
+  dataHashCode = -1408463661
+  size = 4725
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 700700
 sample:
   trackIndex = 1
   dataHashCode = 1569455924
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample_sef_slow_motion.mp4.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample_sef_slow_motion.mp4.dump
index 6115358157..707be77d53 100644
--- a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample_sef_slow_motion.mp4.dump
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/mp4/sample_sef_slow_motion.mp4.dump
@@ -132,64 +132,148 @@ sample:
   presentationTimeUs = 0
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
-  dataHashCode = -833872563
-  size = 1732
+  dataHashCode = 1000136444
+  size = 140
   isKeyFrame = true
   presentationTimeUs = 416
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
-  dataHashCode = -135901925
-  size = 380
+  dataHashCode = 217961709
+  size = 172
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 36499
+  presentationTimeUs = 3332
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = -879376936
+  size = 176
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 6915
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1259979587
+  size = 192
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 10581
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 907407225
+  size = 188
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 14581
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = -904354707
+  size = 176
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 18497
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1001385853
+  size = 172
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 22163
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1545716086
+  size = 196
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 25746
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 358710839
+  size = 180
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 29829
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = -671124798
+  size = 140
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 33579
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = -945404910
+  size = 120
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 36495
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1881048379
+  size = 88
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 38995
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1059579897
+  size = 88
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 40828
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 1496098648
+  size = 84
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 42661
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 250093960
   size = 751
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 44415
+  presentationTimeUs = 44411
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 1895536226
   size = 1045
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 59998
+  presentationTimeUs = 59994
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 1723596464
   size = 947
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 81748
+  presentationTimeUs = 81744
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = -978803114
   size = 946
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 101414
+  presentationTimeUs = 101410
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 387377078
   size = 946
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 121080
+  presentationTimeUs = 121076
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = -132658698
   size = 901
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 140746
+  presentationTimeUs = 140742
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 1495036471
   size = 899
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 159496
+  presentationTimeUs = 159492
 sample:
   trackIndex = 0
   dataHashCode = 304440590
   size = 878
   isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 178162
+  presentationTimeUs = 178158
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = -1955900344
+  size = 112
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 196408
+sample:
+  trackIndex = 0
+  dataHashCode = 88896626
+  size = 116
+  isKeyFrame = true
+  presentationTimeUs = 198741
 sample:
   trackIndex = 1
   dataHashCode = 2139021989
@@ -214,12 +298,6 @@ sample:
   size = 1193
   isKeyFrame = false
   presentationTimeUs = 734083
-sample:
-  trackIndex = 0
-  dataHashCode = -752661703
-  size = 228
-  isKeyFrame = true
-  presentationTimeUs = 196412
 sample:
   trackIndex = 1
   dataHashCode = -1554795381
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28550f644d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package androidx.media3.transformer;
+
+import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkNotNull;
+import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkState;
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+
+import android.media.MediaCodec.BufferInfo;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import androidx.media3.common.C;
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
+import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor.AudioFormat;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.SonicAudioProcessor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.EnsuresNonNullIf;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Pipeline to decode audio samples, apply transformations on the raw samples, and re-encode them.
+ */
+@RequiresApi(18)
+/* package */ final class AudioSamplePipeline implements SamplePipeline {
+
+  private static final String TAG = "AudioSamplePipeline";
+  private static final int DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE = 128 * 1024;
+
+  private final MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder;
+  private final Format decoderInputFormat;
+  private final DecoderInputBuffer decoderInputBuffer;
+
+  private final SonicAudioProcessor sonicAudioProcessor;
+  private final SpeedProvider speedProvider;
+
+  private final DecoderInputBuffer encoderInputBuffer;
+  private final DecoderInputBuffer encoderOutputBuffer;
+
+  private final Transformation transformation;
+  private final int rendererIndex;
+
+  private @MonotonicNonNull AudioFormat encoderInputAudioFormat;
+  private @MonotonicNonNull MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder;
+  private long nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
+
+  private ByteBuffer sonicOutputBuffer;
+  private boolean drainingSonicForSpeedChange;
+  private float currentSpeed;
+
+  public AudioSamplePipeline(
+      Format decoderInputFormat, Transformation transformation, int rendererIndex)
+      throws ExoPlaybackException {
+    this.decoderInputFormat = decoderInputFormat;
+    this.transformation = transformation;
+    this.rendererIndex = rendererIndex;
+    decoderInputBuffer =
+        new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
+    encoderInputBuffer =
+        new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
+    encoderOutputBuffer =
+        new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
+    sonicAudioProcessor = new SonicAudioProcessor();
+    sonicOutputBuffer = AudioProcessor.EMPTY_BUFFER;
+    nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs = 0;
+    speedProvider = new SegmentSpeedProvider(decoderInputFormat);
+    currentSpeed = speedProvider.getSpeed(0);
+    try {
+      this.decoder = MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioDecoding(decoderInputFormat);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // TODO (internal b/184262323): Assign an adequate error code.
+      throw ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
+          e,
+          TAG,
+          rendererIndex,
+          decoderInputFormat,
+          /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
+          /* isRecoverable= */ false,
+          PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void release() {
+    sonicAudioProcessor.reset();
+    decoder.release();
+    if (encoder != null) {
+      encoder.release();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean processData() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+    if (!ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (sonicAudioProcessor.isActive()) {
+      return feedEncoderFromSonic() || feedSonicFromDecoder();
+    } else {
+      return feedEncoderFromDecoder();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public DecoderInputBuffer dequeueInputBuffer() {
+    return decoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(decoderInputBuffer) ? decoderInputBuffer : null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void queueInputBuffer() {
+    decoder.queueInputBuffer(decoderInputBuffer);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public Format getOutputFormat() {
+    return encoder != null ? encoder.getOutputFormat() : null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isEnded() {
+    return encoder != null && encoder.isEnded();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public DecoderInputBuffer getOutputBuffer() {
+    if (encoder != null) {
+      encoderOutputBuffer.data = encoder.getOutputBuffer();
+      if (encoderOutputBuffer.data != null) {
+        encoderOutputBuffer.timeUs = checkNotNull(encoder.getOutputBufferInfo()).presentationTimeUs;
+        return encoderOutputBuffer;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void releaseOutputBuffer() {
+    if (encoder != null) {
+      encoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to pass decoder output data to the encoder, and returns whether it may be possible to
+   * pass more data immediately by calling this method again.
+   */
+  @RequiresNonNull({"encoderInputAudioFormat", "encoder"})
+  private boolean feedEncoderFromDecoder() {
+    if (!encoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (decoder.isEnded()) {
+      queueEndOfStreamToEncoder();
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable ByteBuffer decoderOutputBuffer = decoder.getOutputBuffer();
+    if (decoderOutputBuffer == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (isSpeedChanging(checkNotNull(decoder.getOutputBufferInfo()))) {
+      flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
+      return false;
+    }
+    feedEncoder(decoderOutputBuffer);
+    if (!decoderOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+      decoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to pass audio processor output data to the encoder, and returns whether it may be
+   * possible to pass more data immediately by calling this method again.
+   */
+  @RequiresNonNull({"encoderInputAudioFormat", "encoder"})
+  private boolean feedEncoderFromSonic() {
+    if (!encoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+      sonicOutputBuffer = sonicAudioProcessor.getOutput();
+      if (!sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+        if (decoder.isEnded() && sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded()) {
+          queueEndOfStreamToEncoder();
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    feedEncoder(sonicOutputBuffer);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to process decoder output data, and returns whether it may be possible to process more
+   * data immediately by calling this method again.
+   */
+  private boolean feedSonicFromDecoder() {
+    if (drainingSonicForSpeedChange) {
+      if (sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded() && !sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+        flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
+        drainingSonicForSpeedChange = false;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Sonic invalidates any previous output buffer when more input is queued, so we don't queue if
+    // there is output still to be processed.
+    if (sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (decoder.isEnded()) {
+      sonicAudioProcessor.queueEndOfStream();
+      return false;
+    }
+    checkState(!sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded());
+
+    @Nullable ByteBuffer decoderOutputBuffer = decoder.getOutputBuffer();
+    if (decoderOutputBuffer == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (isSpeedChanging(checkNotNull(decoder.getOutputBufferInfo()))) {
+      sonicAudioProcessor.queueEndOfStream();
+      drainingSonicForSpeedChange = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+    sonicAudioProcessor.queueInput(decoderOutputBuffer);
+    if (!decoderOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
+      decoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Feeds as much data as possible between the current position and limit of the specified {@link
+   * ByteBuffer} to the encoder, and advances its position by the number of bytes fed.
+   */
+  @RequiresNonNull({"encoder", "encoderInputAudioFormat"})
+  private void feedEncoder(ByteBuffer inputBuffer) {
+    ByteBuffer encoderInputBufferData = checkNotNull(encoderInputBuffer.data);
+    int bufferLimit = inputBuffer.limit();
+    inputBuffer.limit(min(bufferLimit, inputBuffer.position() + encoderInputBufferData.capacity()));
+    encoderInputBufferData.put(inputBuffer);
+    encoderInputBuffer.timeUs = nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
+    nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs +=
+        getBufferDurationUs(
+            /* bytesWritten= */ encoderInputBufferData.position(),
+            encoderInputAudioFormat.bytesPerFrame,
+            encoderInputAudioFormat.sampleRate);
+    encoderInputBuffer.setFlags(0);
+    encoderInputBuffer.flip();
+    inputBuffer.limit(bufferLimit);
+    encoder.queueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer);
+  }
+
+  @RequiresNonNull("encoder")
+  private void queueEndOfStreamToEncoder() {
+    checkState(checkNotNull(encoderInputBuffer.data).position() == 0);
+    encoderInputBuffer.timeUs = nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
+    encoderInputBuffer.addFlag(C.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM);
+    encoderInputBuffer.flip();
+    // Queuing EOS should only occur with an empty buffer.
+    encoder.queueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to configure the {@link #encoder} and Sonic (if applicable), if they have not been
+   * configured yet, and returns whether they have been configured.
+   */
+  @EnsuresNonNullIf(
+      expression = {"encoder", "encoderInputAudioFormat"},
+      result = true)
+  private boolean ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+    if (encoder != null && encoderInputAudioFormat != null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    @Nullable Format decoderOutputFormat = decoder.getOutputFormat();
+    if (decoderOutputFormat == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    AudioFormat outputAudioFormat =
+        new AudioFormat(
+            decoderOutputFormat.sampleRate,
+            decoderOutputFormat.channelCount,
+            decoderOutputFormat.pcmEncoding);
+    if (transformation.flattenForSlowMotion) {
+      try {
+        outputAudioFormat = sonicAudioProcessor.configure(outputAudioFormat);
+        flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
+      } catch (AudioProcessor.UnhandledAudioFormatException e) {
+        // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
+        throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+      }
+    }
+    String audioMimeType =
+        transformation.audioMimeType == null
+            ? decoderInputFormat.sampleMimeType
+            : transformation.audioMimeType;
+    try {
+      encoder =
+          MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioEncoding(
+              new Format.Builder()
+                  .setSampleMimeType(audioMimeType)
+                  .setSampleRate(outputAudioFormat.sampleRate)
+                  .setChannelCount(outputAudioFormat.channelCount)
+                  .setAverageBitrate(DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE)
+                  .build());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
+      throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+    }
+    encoderInputAudioFormat = outputAudioFormat;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isSpeedChanging(BufferInfo bufferInfo) {
+    if (!transformation.flattenForSlowMotion) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    float newSpeed = speedProvider.getSpeed(bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs);
+    boolean speedChanging = newSpeed != currentSpeed;
+    currentSpeed = newSpeed;
+    return speedChanging;
+  }
+
+  private void flushSonicAndSetSpeed(float speed) {
+    sonicAudioProcessor.setSpeed(speed);
+    sonicAudioProcessor.setPitch(speed);
+    sonicAudioProcessor.flush();
+  }
+
+  private ExoPlaybackException createRendererException(Throwable cause, int errorCode) {
+    return ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
+        cause,
+        TAG,
+        rendererIndex,
+        decoderInputFormat,
+        /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
+        /* isRecoverable= */ false,
+        errorCode);
+  }
+
+  private static long getBufferDurationUs(long bytesWritten, int bytesPerFrame, int sampleRate) {
+    long framesWritten = bytesWritten / bytesPerFrame;
+    return framesWritten * C.MICROS_PER_SECOND / sampleRate;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e280841c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package androidx.media3.transformer;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
+
+/**
+ * Pipeline for processing {@link DecoderInputBuffer DecoderInputBuffers}.
+ *
+ * <p>This pipeline can be used to implement transformations of audio or video samples.
+ */
+/* package */ interface SamplePipeline {
+
+  /** Returns a buffer if the pipeline is ready to accept input, and {@code null} otherwise. */
+  @Nullable
+  DecoderInputBuffer dequeueInputBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Informs the pipeline that its input buffer contains new input.
+   *
+   * <p>Should be called after filling the input buffer from {@link #dequeueInputBuffer()} with new
+   * input.
+   */
+  void queueInputBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Process the input data and returns whether more data can be processed by calling this method
+   * again.
+   */
+  boolean processData() throws ExoPlaybackException;
+
+  /** Returns the output format of the pipeline if available, and {@code null} otherwise. */
+  @Nullable
+  Format getOutputFormat();
+
+  /** Returns an output buffer if the pipeline has produced output, and {@code null} otherwise */
+  @Nullable
+  DecoderInputBuffer getOutputBuffer();
+
+  /**
+   * Releases the pipeline's output buffer.
+   *
+   * <p>Should be called when the output buffer from {@link #getOutputBuffer()} is no longer needed.
+   */
+  void releaseOutputBuffer();
+
+  /** Returns whether the pipeline has ended. */
+  boolean isEnded();
+
+  /** Releases all resources held by the pipeline. */
+  void release();
+}
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
index 1662aca0cd..9a4e862faa 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
@@ -17,25 +17,16 @@
 package androidx.media3.transformer;
 
 import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkNotNull;
-import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkState;
 import static androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.SampleStream.FLAG_REQUIRE_FORMAT;
-import static java.lang.Math.min;
 
-import android.media.MediaCodec.BufferInfo;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
-import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.FormatHolder;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor.AudioFormat;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.SonicAudioProcessor;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.SampleStream.ReadDataResult;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.EnsuresNonNullIf;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
@@ -44,37 +35,18 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 /* package */ final class TransformerAudioRenderer extends TransformerBaseRenderer {
 
   private static final String TAG = "TransformerAudioRenderer";
-  private static final int DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE = 128 * 1024;
-  private static final float SPEED_UNSET = -1f;
 
   private final DecoderInputBuffer decoderInputBuffer;
-  private final DecoderInputBuffer encoderInputBuffer;
-  private final SonicAudioProcessor sonicAudioProcessor;
 
-  @Nullable private MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder;
-  @Nullable private MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder;
-  @Nullable private SpeedProvider speedProvider;
-  private @MonotonicNonNull Format decoderInputFormat;
-  private @MonotonicNonNull AudioFormat encoderInputAudioFormat;
-
-  private ByteBuffer sonicOutputBuffer;
-  private long nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
-  private float currentSpeed;
+  private @MonotonicNonNull SamplePipeline samplePipeline;
+  private boolean muxerWrapperTrackAdded;
   private boolean muxerWrapperTrackEnded;
-  private boolean hasEncoderOutputFormat;
-  private boolean drainingSonicForSpeedChange;
 
   public TransformerAudioRenderer(
       MuxerWrapper muxerWrapper, TransformerMediaClock mediaClock, Transformation transformation) {
     super(C.TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO, muxerWrapper, mediaClock, transformation);
     decoderInputBuffer =
         new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
-    encoderInputBuffer =
-        new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
-    sonicAudioProcessor = new SonicAudioProcessor();
-    sonicOutputBuffer = AudioProcessor.EMPTY_BUFFER;
-    nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs = 0;
-    currentSpeed = SPEED_UNSET;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -89,201 +61,94 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 
   @Override
   protected void onReset() {
-    decoderInputBuffer.clear();
-    decoderInputBuffer.data = null;
-    encoderInputBuffer.clear();
-    encoderInputBuffer.data = null;
-    sonicAudioProcessor.reset();
-    if (decoder != null) {
-      decoder.release();
-      decoder = null;
+    if (samplePipeline != null) {
+      samplePipeline.release();
     }
-    if (encoder != null) {
-      encoder.release();
-      encoder = null;
-    }
-    speedProvider = null;
-    sonicOutputBuffer = AudioProcessor.EMPTY_BUFFER;
-    nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs = 0;
-    currentSpeed = SPEED_UNSET;
+    muxerWrapperTrackAdded = false;
     muxerWrapperTrackEnded = false;
-    hasEncoderOutputFormat = false;
-    drainingSonicForSpeedChange = false;
   }
 
   @Override
   public void render(long positionUs, long elapsedRealtimeUs) throws ExoPlaybackException {
-    if (!isRendererStarted || isEnded()) {
+    if (!isRendererStarted || isEnded() || !ensureRendererConfigured()) {
       return;
     }
 
-    if (ensureDecoderConfigured()) {
-      MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder = this.decoder;
-      if (ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured()) {
-        MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder = this.encoder;
-        while (feedMuxerFromEncoder(encoder)) {}
-        if (sonicAudioProcessor.isActive()) {
-          while (feedEncoderFromSonic(decoder, encoder)) {}
-          while (feedSonicFromDecoder(decoder)) {}
-        } else {
-          while (feedEncoderFromDecoder(decoder, encoder)) {}
-        }
-      }
-      while (feedDecoderFromInput(decoder)) {}
+    while (feedMuxerFromPipeline() || samplePipeline.processData() || feedPipelineFromInput()) {}
+  }
+
+  /** Attempts to read the input format and to initialize the sample pipeline. */
+  @EnsuresNonNullIf(expression = "samplePipeline", result = true)
+  private boolean ensureRendererConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+    if (samplePipeline != null) {
+      return true;
     }
+    FormatHolder formatHolder = getFormatHolder();
+    @ReadDataResult
+    int result = readSource(formatHolder, decoderInputBuffer, /* readFlags= */ FLAG_REQUIRE_FORMAT);
+    if (result != C.RESULT_FORMAT_READ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    samplePipeline =
+        new AudioSamplePipeline(checkNotNull(formatHolder.format), transformation, getIndex());
+    return true;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Attempts to write encoder output data to the muxer, and returns whether it may be possible to
-   * write more data immediately by calling this method again.
+   * Attempts to write sample pipeline output data to the muxer, and returns whether it may be
+   * possible to write more data immediately by calling this method again.
    */
-  private boolean feedMuxerFromEncoder(MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder) {
-    if (!hasEncoderOutputFormat) {
-      @Nullable Format encoderOutputFormat = encoder.getOutputFormat();
-      if (encoderOutputFormat == null) {
+  @RequiresNonNull("samplePipeline")
+  private boolean feedMuxerFromPipeline() {
+    if (!muxerWrapperTrackAdded) {
+      @Nullable Format samplePipelineOutputFormat = samplePipeline.getOutputFormat();
+      if (samplePipelineOutputFormat == null) {
         return false;
       }
-      hasEncoderOutputFormat = true;
-      muxerWrapper.addTrackFormat(encoderOutputFormat);
+      muxerWrapperTrackAdded = true;
+      muxerWrapper.addTrackFormat(samplePipelineOutputFormat);
     }
 
-    if (encoder.isEnded()) {
+    if (samplePipeline.isEnded()) {
       muxerWrapper.endTrack(getTrackType());
       muxerWrapperTrackEnded = true;
       return false;
     }
-    @Nullable ByteBuffer encoderOutputBuffer = encoder.getOutputBuffer();
-    if (encoderOutputBuffer == null) {
+    @Nullable DecoderInputBuffer samplePipelineOutputBuffer = samplePipeline.getOutputBuffer();
+    if (samplePipelineOutputBuffer == null) {
       return false;
     }
-    BufferInfo encoderOutputBufferInfo = checkNotNull(encoder.getOutputBufferInfo());
     if (!muxerWrapper.writeSample(
         getTrackType(),
-        encoderOutputBuffer,
+        samplePipelineOutputBuffer.data,
         /* isKeyFrame= */ true,
-        encoderOutputBufferInfo.presentationTimeUs)) {
+        samplePipelineOutputBuffer.timeUs)) {
       return false;
     }
-    encoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
+    samplePipeline.releaseOutputBuffer();
     return true;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Attempts to pass decoder output data to the encoder, and returns whether it may be possible to
+   * Attempts to pass input data to the sample pipeline, and returns whether it may be possible to
    * pass more data immediately by calling this method again.
    */
-  @RequiresNonNull({"encoderInputAudioFormat"})
-  private boolean feedEncoderFromDecoder(
-      MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder, MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder) {
-    if (!encoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer)) {
+  @RequiresNonNull("samplePipeline")
+  private boolean feedPipelineFromInput() {
+    @Nullable DecoderInputBuffer samplePipelineInputBuffer = samplePipeline.dequeueInputBuffer();
+    if (samplePipelineInputBuffer == null) {
       return false;
     }
 
-    if (decoder.isEnded()) {
-      queueEndOfStreamToEncoder(encoder);
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    @Nullable ByteBuffer decoderOutputBuffer = decoder.getOutputBuffer();
-    if (decoderOutputBuffer == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (isSpeedChanging(checkNotNull(decoder.getOutputBufferInfo()))) {
-      flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
-      return false;
-    }
-    feedEncoder(encoder, decoderOutputBuffer);
-    if (!decoderOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-      decoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to pass audio processor output data to the encoder, and returns whether it may be
-   * possible to pass more data immediately by calling this method again.
-   */
-  @RequiresNonNull({"encoderInputAudioFormat"})
-  private boolean feedEncoderFromSonic(
-      MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder, MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder) {
-    if (!encoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-      sonicOutputBuffer = sonicAudioProcessor.getOutput();
-      if (!sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-        if (decoder.isEnded() && sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded()) {
-          queueEndOfStreamToEncoder(encoder);
-        }
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-
-    feedEncoder(encoder, sonicOutputBuffer);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to process decoder output data, and returns whether it may be possible to process more
-   * data immediately by calling this method again.
-   */
-  private boolean feedSonicFromDecoder(MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder) {
-    if (drainingSonicForSpeedChange) {
-      if (sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded() && !sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-        flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
-        drainingSonicForSpeedChange = false;
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    // Sonic invalidates any previous output buffer when more input is queued, so we don't queue if
-    // there is output still to be processed.
-    if (sonicOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (decoder.isEnded()) {
-      sonicAudioProcessor.queueEndOfStream();
-      return false;
-    }
-    checkState(!sonicAudioProcessor.isEnded());
-
-    @Nullable ByteBuffer decoderOutputBuffer = decoder.getOutputBuffer();
-    if (decoderOutputBuffer == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (isSpeedChanging(checkNotNull(decoder.getOutputBufferInfo()))) {
-      sonicAudioProcessor.queueEndOfStream();
-      drainingSonicForSpeedChange = true;
-      return false;
-    }
-    sonicAudioProcessor.queueInput(decoderOutputBuffer);
-    if (!decoderOutputBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
-      decoder.releaseOutputBuffer();
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to pass input data to the decoder, and returns whether it may be possible to pass more
-   * data immediately by calling this method again.
-   */
-  private boolean feedDecoderFromInput(MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder) {
-    if (!decoder.maybeDequeueInputBuffer(decoderInputBuffer)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    decoderInputBuffer.clear();
     @ReadDataResult
-    int result = readSource(getFormatHolder(), decoderInputBuffer, /* readFlags= */ 0);
+    int result = readSource(getFormatHolder(), samplePipelineInputBuffer, /* readFlags= */ 0);
     switch (result) {
       case C.RESULT_BUFFER_READ:
-        mediaClock.updateTimeForTrackType(getTrackType(), decoderInputBuffer.timeUs);
-        decoderInputBuffer.timeUs -= streamOffsetUs;
-        decoderInputBuffer.flip();
-        decoder.queueInputBuffer(decoderInputBuffer);
-        return !decoderInputBuffer.isEndOfStream();
+        mediaClock.updateTimeForTrackType(getTrackType(), samplePipelineInputBuffer.timeUs);
+        samplePipelineInputBuffer.timeUs -= streamOffsetUs;
+        samplePipelineInputBuffer.flip();
+        samplePipeline.queueInputBuffer();
+        return !samplePipelineInputBuffer.isEndOfStream();
       case C.RESULT_FORMAT_READ:
         throw new IllegalStateException("Format changes are not supported.");
       case C.RESULT_NOTHING_READ:
@@ -291,150 +156,4 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
         return false;
     }
   }
-
-  /**
-   * Feeds as much data as possible between the current position and limit of the specified {@link
-   * ByteBuffer} to the encoder, and advances its position by the number of bytes fed.
-   */
-  @RequiresNonNull({"encoderInputAudioFormat"})
-  private void feedEncoder(MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder, ByteBuffer inputBuffer) {
-    ByteBuffer encoderInputBufferData = checkNotNull(encoderInputBuffer.data);
-    int bufferLimit = inputBuffer.limit();
-    inputBuffer.limit(min(bufferLimit, inputBuffer.position() + encoderInputBufferData.capacity()));
-    encoderInputBufferData.put(inputBuffer);
-    encoderInputBuffer.timeUs = nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
-    nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs +=
-        getBufferDurationUs(
-            /* bytesWritten= */ encoderInputBufferData.position(),
-            encoderInputAudioFormat.bytesPerFrame,
-            encoderInputAudioFormat.sampleRate);
-    encoderInputBuffer.setFlags(0);
-    encoderInputBuffer.flip();
-    inputBuffer.limit(bufferLimit);
-    encoder.queueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer);
-  }
-
-  private void queueEndOfStreamToEncoder(MediaCodecAdapterWrapper encoder) {
-    checkState(checkNotNull(encoderInputBuffer.data).position() == 0);
-    encoderInputBuffer.timeUs = nextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs;
-    encoderInputBuffer.addFlag(C.BUFFER_FLAG_END_OF_STREAM);
-    encoderInputBuffer.flip();
-    // Queuing EOS should only occur with an empty buffer.
-    encoder.queueInputBuffer(encoderInputBuffer);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to configure the {@link #encoder} and Sonic (if applicable), if they have not been
-   * configured yet, and returns whether they have been configured.
-   */
-  @RequiresNonNull({"decoder", "decoderInputFormat"})
-  @EnsuresNonNullIf(
-      expression = {"encoder", "encoderInputAudioFormat"},
-      result = true)
-  private boolean ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
-    if (encoder != null && encoderInputAudioFormat != null) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder = this.decoder;
-    @Nullable Format decoderOutputFormat = decoder.getOutputFormat();
-    if (decoderOutputFormat == null) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    AudioFormat outputAudioFormat =
-        new AudioFormat(
-            decoderOutputFormat.sampleRate,
-            decoderOutputFormat.channelCount,
-            decoderOutputFormat.pcmEncoding);
-    if (transformation.flattenForSlowMotion) {
-      try {
-        outputAudioFormat = sonicAudioProcessor.configure(outputAudioFormat);
-        flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
-      } catch (AudioProcessor.UnhandledAudioFormatException e) {
-        // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
-        throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-      }
-    }
-    String audioMimeType =
-        transformation.audioMimeType == null
-            ? decoderInputFormat.sampleMimeType
-            : transformation.audioMimeType;
-    try {
-      encoder =
-          MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioEncoding(
-              new Format.Builder()
-                  .setSampleMimeType(audioMimeType)
-                  .setSampleRate(outputAudioFormat.sampleRate)
-                  .setChannelCount(outputAudioFormat.channelCount)
-                  .setAverageBitrate(DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE)
-                  .build());
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
-      throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-    }
-    encoderInputAudioFormat = outputAudioFormat;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Attempts to configure the {@link #decoder} if it has not been configured yet, and returns
-   * whether the decoder has been configured.
-   */
-  @EnsuresNonNullIf(
-      expression = {"decoderInputFormat", "decoder"},
-      result = true)
-  private boolean ensureDecoderConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
-    if (decoder != null && decoderInputFormat != null) {
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    FormatHolder formatHolder = getFormatHolder();
-    @ReadDataResult int result = readSource(formatHolder, decoderInputBuffer, FLAG_REQUIRE_FORMAT);
-    if (result != C.RESULT_FORMAT_READ) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    decoderInputFormat = checkNotNull(formatHolder.format);
-    MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder;
-    try {
-      decoder = MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioDecoding(decoderInputFormat);
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      // TODO (internal b/184262323): Assign an adequate error code.
-      throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-    }
-    speedProvider = new SegmentSpeedProvider(decoderInputFormat);
-    currentSpeed = speedProvider.getSpeed(0);
-    this.decoder = decoder;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  private boolean isSpeedChanging(BufferInfo bufferInfo) {
-    if (!transformation.flattenForSlowMotion) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    float newSpeed = checkNotNull(speedProvider).getSpeed(bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs);
-    boolean speedChanging = newSpeed != currentSpeed;
-    currentSpeed = newSpeed;
-    return speedChanging;
-  }
-
-  private void flushSonicAndSetSpeed(float speed) {
-    sonicAudioProcessor.setSpeed(speed);
-    sonicAudioProcessor.setPitch(speed);
-    sonicAudioProcessor.flush();
-  }
-
-  private ExoPlaybackException createRendererException(Throwable cause, int errorCode) {
-    return ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
-        cause,
-        TAG,
-        getIndex(),
-        decoderInputFormat,
-        /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
-        /* isRecoverable= */ false,
-        errorCode);
-  }
-
-  private static long getBufferDurationUs(long bytesWritten, int bytesPerFrame, int sampleRate) {
-    long framesWritten = bytesWritten / bytesPerFrame;
-    return framesWritten * C.MICROS_PER_SECOND / sampleRate;
-  }
 }