diff --git a/libraries/common/src/main/java/androidx/media3/common/util/GlUtil.java b/libraries/common/src/main/java/androidx/media3/common/util/GlUtil.java
index 1360abf4e0..c32b5edf05 100644
--- a/libraries/common/src/main/java/androidx/media3/common/util/GlUtil.java
+++ b/libraries/common/src/main/java/androidx/media3/common/util/GlUtil.java
@@ -366,11 +366,23 @@ public final class GlUtil {
     return eglSurface;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the {@link EGL14#EGL_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION} of the current context.
+   *
+   * <p>Returns {@code 0} if no {@link EGLContext} {@linkplain #createFocusedPlaceholderEglSurface
+   * is focused}.
+   */
+  @RequiresApi(17)
+  public static long getContextMajorVersion() throws GlException {
+    return Api17.getContextMajorVersion();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a newly created sync object and inserts it into the GL command stream.
    *
-   * <p>Returns {@code 0} if the operation failed or the {@link EGLContext} version is less than
-   * 3.0.
+   * <p>Returns {@code 0} if the operation failed, no {@link EGLContext} {@linkplain
+   * #createFocusedPlaceholderEglSurface is focused}, or the focused {@link EGLContext} version is
+   * less than 3.0.
    */
   @RequiresApi(17)
   public static long createGlSyncFence() throws GlException {
diff --git a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.java b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.java
index c129d95647..e445877310 100644
--- a/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.java
+++ b/libraries/effect/src/main/java/androidx/media3/effect/DefaultVideoFrameProcessor.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkArgument;
 import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkNotNull;
 import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkState;
 import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkStateNotNull;
+import static androidx.media3.common.util.Util.SDK_INT;
 import static androidx.media3.effect.DebugTraceUtil.EVENT_VFP_RECEIVE_END_OF_INPUT;
 import static androidx.media3.effect.DebugTraceUtil.EVENT_VFP_REGISTER_NEW_INPUT_STREAM;
 import static androidx.media3.effect.DebugTraceUtil.EVENT_VFP_SIGNAL_ENDED;
@@ -637,18 +638,20 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessor implements VideoFrameProcessor {
         ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(outputColorInfo)
             ? GlUtil.EGL_CONFIG_ATTRIBUTES_RGBA_1010102
             : GlUtil.EGL_CONFIG_ATTRIBUTES_RGBA_8888;
-    int openGlVersion =
-        ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(inputColorInfo) || ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(outputColorInfo) ? 3 : 2;
     EGLContext eglContext =
-        glObjectsProvider.createEglContext(eglDisplay, openGlVersion, configAttributes);
-    glObjectsProvider.createFocusedPlaceholderEglSurface(eglContext, eglDisplay);
+        createFocusedEglContextWithFallback(glObjectsProvider, eglDisplay, configAttributes);
+    if ((ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(inputColorInfo) || ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(outputColorInfo))
+        && GlUtil.getContextMajorVersion() != 3) {
+      throw new VideoFrameProcessingException(
+          "OpenGL ES 3.0 context support is required for HDR input or output.");
+    }
 
     // Not renderFramesAutomatically means outputting to a display surface. HDR display surfaces
     // require the BT2020 PQ GL extension.
     if (!renderFramesAutomatically && ColorInfo.isTransferHdr(outputColorInfo)) {
       // Display hardware supports PQ only.
       checkArgument(outputColorInfo.colorTransfer == C.COLOR_TRANSFER_ST2084);
-      if (Util.SDK_INT < 33 || !GlUtil.isBt2020PqExtensionSupported()) {
+      if (SDK_INT < 33 || !GlUtil.isBt2020PqExtensionSupported()) {
         GlUtil.destroyEglContext(eglDisplay, eglContext);
         // On API<33, the system cannot display PQ content correctly regardless of whether BT2020 PQ
         // GL extension is supported.
@@ -882,6 +885,43 @@ public final class DefaultVideoFrameProcessor implements VideoFrameProcessor {
     }
   }
 
+  /** Creates an OpenGL ES 3.0 context if possible, and an OpenGL ES 2.0 context otherwise. */
+  private static EGLContext createFocusedEglContextWithFallback(
+      GlObjectsProvider glObjectsProvider, EGLDisplay eglDisplay, int[] configAttributes)
+      throws GlUtil.GlException {
+    if (SDK_INT < 29) {
+      return createFocusedEglContext(
+          glObjectsProvider, eglDisplay, /* openGlVersion= */ 2, configAttributes);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return createFocusedEglContext(
+          glObjectsProvider, eglDisplay, /* openGlVersion= */ 3, configAttributes);
+    } catch (GlUtil.GlException e) {
+      return createFocusedEglContext(
+          glObjectsProvider, eglDisplay, /* openGlVersion= */ 2, configAttributes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an {@link EGLContext} and focus it using a {@linkplain
+   * GlObjectsProvider#createFocusedPlaceholderEglSurface placeholder EGL Surface}.
+   */
+  private static EGLContext createFocusedEglContext(
+      GlObjectsProvider glObjectsProvider,
+      EGLDisplay eglDisplay,
+      int openGlVersion,
+      int[] configAttributes)
+      throws GlUtil.GlException {
+    EGLContext eglContext =
+        glObjectsProvider.createEglContext(eglDisplay, openGlVersion, configAttributes);
+    // Some OpenGL ES 3.0 contexts returned from createEglContext may throw EGL_BAD_MATCH when being
+    // used to createFocusedPlaceHolderEglSurface, despite GL documentation suggesting the contexts,
+    // if successfully created, are valid. Check early whether the context is really valid.
+    glObjectsProvider.createFocusedPlaceholderEglSurface(eglContext, eglDisplay);
+    return eglContext;
+  }
+
   private static final class InputStreamInfo {
     public final @InputType int inputType;
     public final List<Effect> effects;
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/HdrEditingTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/HdrEditingTest.java
index d542a1f46b..20e4eab792 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/HdrEditingTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/mh/HdrEditingTest.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -268,13 +269,15 @@ public final class HdrEditingTest {
       assertThat(isToneMappingFallbackApplied.get()).isTrue();
       assertFileHasColorTransfer(context, exportTestResult.filePath, C.COLOR_TRANSFER_SDR);
     } catch (ExportException exception) {
-      if (exception.getCause() != null
-          && (Objects.equals(
-                  exception.getCause().getMessage(),
-                  "Decoding HDR is not supported on this device.")
-              || Objects.equals(
-                  exception.getCause().getMessage(), "Device lacks YUV extension support."))) {
-        return;
+      if (exception.getCause() != null) {
+        @Nullable String message = exception.getCause().getMessage();
+        if (message != null
+            && (Objects.equals(message, "Decoding HDR is not supported on this device.")
+                || message.contains(
+                    "OpenGL ES 3.0 context support is required for HDR input or output.")
+                || Objects.equals(message, "Device lacks YUV extension support."))) {
+          return;
+        }
       }
       throw exception;
     }
@@ -330,13 +333,15 @@ public final class HdrEditingTest {
       assertThat(isToneMappingFallbackApplied.get()).isTrue();
       assertFileHasColorTransfer(context, exportTestResult.filePath, C.COLOR_TRANSFER_SDR);
     } catch (ExportException exception) {
-      if (exception.getCause() != null
-          && (Objects.equals(
-                  exception.getCause().getMessage(),
-                  "Decoding HDR is not supported on this device.")
-              || Objects.equals(
-                  exception.getCause().getMessage(), "Device lacks YUV extension support."))) {
-        return;
+      if (exception.getCause() != null) {
+        @Nullable String message = exception.getCause().getMessage();
+        if (message != null
+            && (Objects.equals(message, "Decoding HDR is not supported on this device.")
+                || message.contains(
+                    "OpenGL ES 3.0 context support is required for HDR input or output.")
+                || Objects.equals(message, "Device lacks YUV extension support."))) {
+          return;
+        }
       }
       throw exception;
     }