diff --git a/RELEASENOTES.md b/RELEASENOTES.md
index fb662efb34..30d3ac48cf 100644
--- a/RELEASENOTES.md
+++ b/RELEASENOTES.md
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
         allow invoking events of subclass listeners
         ([1736](https://github.com/androidx/media/pull/1736)).
 *   Transformer:
+    *   Add export support for gaps in sequences of audio EditedMediaItems.
 *   Track Selection:
 *   Extractors:
     *   Fix preroll sample handling for non-keyframe media start positions when
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_1000ms+seq-sample.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_1000ms+seq-sample.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd59bfed80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_1000ms+seq-sample.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -2078200747
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1746076349
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1572855937
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 701978997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1243111139
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1322796125
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 183250677
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1653767665
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1354849623
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -394780569
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1818125983
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -2040268451
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1205101453
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1680621511
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1417062205
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 391927517
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1602519453
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -889560817
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1844125309
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1254048247
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 862533775
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1056907509
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 614586437
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1422444303
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1521025139
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -645048879
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1964215627
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 794382801
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1742698007
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1820518143
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1778289323
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1268893547
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1838744749
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1671917515
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1340018589
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1917601633
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -265336963
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -784922721
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1193402155
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1103096997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1473134533
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1817808281
+  size = 272
+  isKeyFrame = true
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_100ms-sample_rf64.wav+seq-sample.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_100ms-sample_rf64.wav+seq-sample.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3f44cb251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-gap_100ms-sample_rf64.wav+seq-sample.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -2078200747
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1746076349
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1572855937
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 701978997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 459593640
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 177383240
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 565637567
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1269391254
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1473724630
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1365108398
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 15208603
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -149452152
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 568136563
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1569944195
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1581189639
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 344240733
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1247810281
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 723599439
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1844125309
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1254048247
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 862533775
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1056907509
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 614586437
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1422444303
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1521025139
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -645048879
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1964215627
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 794382801
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1742698007
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1820518143
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1778289323
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1268893547
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1838744749
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1671917515
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1340018589
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1917601633
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -265336963
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -784922721
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1193402155
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1103096997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1473134533
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1817808281
+  size = 272
+  isKeyFrame = true
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sample.wav+seq-sample.wav_clipped100msTo400ms-gap_700ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sample.wav+seq-sample.wav_clipped100msTo400ms-gap_700ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08cf4977fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sample.wav+seq-sample.wav_clipped100msTo400ms-gap_700ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 1
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -477126770
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 779113371
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 45842530
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2001000243
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -187462316
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -309708822
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1030869338
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1134039798
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -2131288947
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1159697593
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -889164698
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1380568930
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1722863050
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1365744081
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -81471997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -6915052
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1634845963
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1252305359
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2127515647
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2077308846
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1055925064
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1128351030
+  size = 2184
+  isKeyFrame = true
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c67c949313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 48000
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+format video:
+  id = 1
+  sampleMimeType = video/avc
+  codecs = avc1.64002A
+  maxInputSize = 41084
+  maxNumReorderSamples = 2
+  width = 1920
+  height = 1080
+  frameRate = 50.00
+  colorInfo:
+    colorSpace = 1
+    colorRange = 2
+    lumaBitdepth = 8
+    chromaBitdepth = 8
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+  initializationData:
+    data = length 34, hash 8D738018
+    data = length 10, hash 7A0D0F2B
+container metadata:
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1831484889
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1124113244
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1544973874
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -582482821
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -191772359
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -505360091
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1981702659
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 566215790
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1512511272
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 379933452
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2123773516
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 947540601
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1204715699
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -845492851
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -224450442
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -832637147
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 838028863
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1274898709
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1036858119
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -757649110
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -887684582
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -895916259
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -910514404
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -678504136
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 25114417
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 977841946
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1583378414
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1010598904
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1601131727
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 476052144
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1722819382
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -104073993
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1183326444
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1471701996
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1721028706
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -835928084
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -752755934
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1014841053
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -5244765
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -189896781
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -816272711
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 287875876
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -493356528
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1683631739
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -861196079
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1804207347
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 196164772
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1100787564
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1345957974
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  presentationTimeUs = 40000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 20000
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 120000
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 80000
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 60000
+sample:
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+  size = 7905
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 100000
+sample:
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+  size = 21086
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 200000
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 160000
+sample:
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+  size = 7666
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+  presentationTimeUs = 140000
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 180000
+sample:
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+  size = 23310
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 280000
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = -377448231
+  size = 16108
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 240000
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 220000
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 260000
+sample:
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+  size = 26209
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 360000
+sample:
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+  size = 14679
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 320000
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 300000
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+  presentationTimeUs = 340000
+sample:
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+  presentationTimeUs = 420000
+sample:
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+  presentationTimeUs = 380000
+sample:
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+  size = 10553
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 400000
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = -1156719720
+  size = 34938
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 480000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 396046716
+  size = 17842
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 440000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
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+  size = 11502
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 460000
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = -337819407
+  size = 18009
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 500000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1295059940
+  size = 24298
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 520000
+sample:
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+  size = 21682
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+  presentationTimeUs = 540000
+sample:
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+  size = 31833
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 620000
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+  size = 12906
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+  presentationTimeUs = 560000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -1242905044
+  size = 17165
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 600000
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1161132039
+  size = 35065
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 700000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1801923857
+  size = 19881
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 660000
+sample:
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+  size = 22571
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+  presentationTimeUs = 640000
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+  dataHashCode = -655417171
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+  isKeyFrame = false
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+  size = 10515
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+  size = 8188
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+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = false
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
+  trackType = video
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+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -650391415
+  size = 25914
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1000000
+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+  size = 8455
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+  presentationTimeUs = 1300000
+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+  size = 8893
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+sample:
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+  size = 5905
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1800000
+sample:
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+  size = 5635
+  isKeyFrame = false
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+sample:
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+  size = 14896
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+  presentationTimeUs = 1940000
+sample:
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+  size = 9260
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1900000
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1346700024
+  size = 5850
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1880000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 279399292
+  size = 7154
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1920000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 831498454
+  size = 8605
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1980000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -20875598
+  size = 6983
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1960000
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav-gap_100ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav-gap_100ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a74a92b67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav-gap_100ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 48000
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+format video:
+  id = 1
+  sampleMimeType = video/avc
+  codecs = avc1.64002A
+  maxInputSize = 41084
+  maxNumReorderSamples = 2
+  width = 1920
+  height = 1080
+  frameRate = 50.00
+  colorInfo:
+    colorSpace = 1
+    colorRange = 2
+    lumaBitdepth = 8
+    chromaBitdepth = 8
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+  initializationData:
+    data = length 34, hash 8D738018
+    data = length 10, hash 7A0D0F2B
+container metadata:
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1831484889
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 249663982
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -952375988
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1104767232
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1071735193
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 11797379
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1312208757
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1049109782
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1406320840
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 554600029
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1771684952
+  size = 4096
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+  dataHashCode = -1784449460
+  size = 6288
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1720000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1158465085
+  size = 5152
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1760000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 147323155
+  size = 19889
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1860000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1714081095
+  size = 8893
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1820000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -1894307035
+  size = 5905
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1800000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -1208848015
+  size = 5635
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1840000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1015012687
+  size = 14896
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1940000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 513736378
+  size = 9260
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1900000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 1346700024
+  size = 5850
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1880000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 279399292
+  size = 7154
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1920000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = 831498454
+  size = 8605
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1980000
+sample:
+  trackType = video
+  dataHashCode = -20875598
+  size = 6983
+  isKeyFrame = false
+  presentationTimeUs = 1960000
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav_clipped0msTo300ms-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav_clipped300msTo800ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav_clipped0msTo300ms-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav_clipped300msTo800ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35816d02d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/composition/seq-sowt-with-video.mov+seq-sample_rf64.wav_clipped0msTo300ms-gap_200ms-sample_rf64.wav_clipped300msTo800ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 48000
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+format video:
+  id = 1
+  sampleMimeType = video/avc
+  codecs = avc1.64002A
+  maxInputSize = 41084
+  maxNumReorderSamples = 2
+  width = 1920
+  height = 1080
+  frameRate = 50.00
+  colorInfo:
+    colorSpace = 1
+    colorRange = 2
+    lumaBitdepth = 8
+    chromaBitdepth = 8
+  metadata = entries=[Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000]
+  initializationData:
+    data = length 34, hash 8D738018
+    data = length 10, hash 7A0D0F2B
+container metadata:
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+  entry = Mp4Timestamp: creation time=0, modification time=0, timescale=1000
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1831484889
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 249663982
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -952375988
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1104767232
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1071735193
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 11797379
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1312208757
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1049109782
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1406320840
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 554600029
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1771684952
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1475714894
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1988052938
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1440309356
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1097526806
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -295108001
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -570703176
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 977841946
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1583378414
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1010598904
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  dataHashCode = 306595787
+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+  presentationTimeUs = 1920000
+sample:
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diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/gap/500ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/gap/500ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad75f6a2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/gap/500ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 2184
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+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_200ms/gap_500ms/sample.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_200ms/gap_500ms/sample.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0da193ef00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_200ms/gap_500ms/sample.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+sample:
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+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_500ms/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_500ms/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d2855d803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/gap_500ms/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 2
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav/gap_500ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav/gap_500ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96bb2a1746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_200ms/sample.wav/gap_500ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 1
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -77784020
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  dataHashCode = 1487579866
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  size = 4096
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+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
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diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1bc51c37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 1
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -77784020
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1487579866
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
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+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = -1797926221
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 1304162335
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
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+  dataHashCode = 87515422
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
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+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1999233
+  size = 2484
+  isKeyFrame = true
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05a03eb268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/test_data/src/test/assets/transformerdumps/sequence/sample.wav/gap_500ms/gap_200ms/sample.wav.dump
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+format audio:
+  averageBitrate = 131072
+  sampleMimeType = audio/mp4a-latm
+  channelCount = 1
+  sampleRate = 44100
+  pcmEncoding = 2
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -77784020
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1487579866
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -955640128
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1797926221
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1304162335
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 87515422
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1134039798
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -2131288947
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1159697593
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -889164698
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1380568930
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1722863050
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1365744081
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -81471997
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -6915052
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1634845963
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1252305359
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2127515647
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2077308846
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1055925064
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1806711606
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1742602241
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -635847032
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1881983178
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -728439441
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 515653227
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -391208104
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 166656461
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 330396328
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -116386074
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 569267689
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1316476459
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -223671612
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1465862447
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2040352837
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1371156112
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1657641665
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1745756564
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2067094482
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 2009678119
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -1673523012
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1191811455
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = -120295709
+  size = 4096
+  isKeyFrame = true
+sample:
+  trackType = audio
+  dataHashCode = 1474861853
+  size = 572
+  isKeyFrame = true
+released = true
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAndroidTestRunner.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAndroidTestRunner.java
index ab39426b93..c1c7486178 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAndroidTestRunner.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAndroidTestRunner.java
@@ -327,6 +327,9 @@ public class TransformerAndroidTestRunner {
     }
     for (EditedMediaItemSequence sequence : composition.sequences) {
       for (EditedMediaItem editedMediaItem : sequence.editedMediaItems) {
+        if (editedMediaItem.isGap()) {
+          continue;
+        }
         Uri mediaItemUri = checkNotNull(editedMediaItem.mediaItem.localConfiguration).uri;
         String scheme = mediaItemUri.getScheme();
         if (scheme != null && (scheme.equals("http") || scheme.equals("https"))) {
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerEndToEndTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerEndToEndTest.java
index 6f93d8b5b6..f9025c9c6b 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerEndToEndTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerEndToEndTest.java
@@ -1610,6 +1610,74 @@ public class TransformerEndToEndTest {
     assertThat(new File(result.filePath).length()).isGreaterThan(0);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithFirstSequenceOffsetGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    assumeFormatsSupported(
+        context,
+        testId,
+        /* inputFormat= */ MP4_ASSET.videoFormat,
+        /* outputFormat= */ MP4_ASSET.videoFormat);
+    EditedMediaItem editedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(Uri.parse(MP4_ASSET.uri)))
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addGap(100_000)
+                    .addItem(editedMediaItem)
+                    .build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(editedMediaItem).build())
+            .build();
+
+    ExportTestResult result =
+        new TransformerAndroidTestRunner.Builder(context, new Transformer.Builder(context).build())
+            .build()
+            .run(testId, composition);
+
+    assertThat(new File(result.filePath).length()).isGreaterThan(0);
+    assertThat(result.exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(3);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioVideoCompositionWithSecondSequenceIntervalGap_isCorrect()
+      throws Exception {
+    assumeFormatsSupported(
+        context,
+        testId,
+        /* inputFormat= */ MP4_ASSET.videoFormat,
+        /* outputFormat= */ MP4_ASSET.videoFormat);
+
+    EditedMediaItem videoItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(Uri.parse(MP4_ASSET.uri))).build();
+    EditedMediaItem editedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                new MediaItem.Builder()
+                    .setUri(MP4_ASSET.uri)
+                    .setClippingConfiguration(
+                        new MediaItem.ClippingConfiguration.Builder().setEndPositionMs(300).build())
+                    .build())
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(videoItem).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addItem(editedMediaItem)
+                    .addGap(200_000)
+                    .addItem(editedMediaItem)
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+
+    ExportTestResult result =
+        new TransformerAndroidTestRunner.Builder(context, new Transformer.Builder(context).build())
+            .build()
+            .run(testId, composition);
+
+    assertThat(new File(result.filePath).length()).isGreaterThan(0);
+    assertThat(result.exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(4);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void analyzeAudio_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
     assumeFormatsSupported(
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Composition.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Composition.java
index d5860d8bec..e475e6d152 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Composition.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Composition.java
@@ -440,4 +440,17 @@ public final class Composition {
     this.hdrMode = hdrMode;
     this.retainHdrFromUltraHdrImage = retainHdrFromUltraHdrImage;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Return whether any {@linkplain EditedMediaItemSequence sequences} contain a {@linkplain
+   * EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder#addGap(long) gap}.
+   */
+  /* package */ boolean hasGaps() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < sequences.size(); i++) {
+      if (sequences.get(i).hasGaps()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItem.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItem.java
index b6e32289ff..f75846def5 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItem.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItem.java
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ import androidx.media3.common.util.Util;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
 import androidx.media3.extractor.mp4.Mp4Extractor;
 import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /** A {@link MediaItem} with the transformations to apply to it. */
 @UnstableApi
 public final class EditedMediaItem {
+  /* package */ static final String GAP_MEDIA_ID = "androidx-media3-GapMediaItem";
 
   /** A builder for {@link EditedMediaItem} instances. */
   public static final class Builder {
@@ -341,4 +343,12 @@ public final class EditedMediaItem {
     }
     return max(audioDurationUs, videoDurationUs);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether this {@code EditedMediaItem} is a {@linkplain
+   * EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder#addGap(long) gap}.
+   */
+  /* package */ boolean isGap() {
+    return Objects.equals(mediaItem.mediaId, GAP_MEDIA_ID);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItemSequence.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItemSequence.java
index aa38e2ca2d..b36fdd6721 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItemSequence.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/EditedMediaItemSequence.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package androidx.media3.transformer;
 
 import static androidx.media3.common.util.Assertions.checkArgument;
 
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
@@ -81,6 +82,26 @@ public final class EditedMediaItemSequence {
       return this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Adds a gap to the sequence.
+     *
+     * <p>A gap is a period of time with no media.
+     *
+     * <p>Gaps are only supported in sequences of audio.
+     *
+     * @param durationUs The duration of the gap, in milliseconds.
+     * @return This builder, for convenience.
+     */
+    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+    public Builder addGap(long durationUs) {
+      items.add(
+          new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                  new MediaItem.Builder().setMediaId(EditedMediaItem.GAP_MEDIA_ID).build())
+              .setDurationUs(durationUs)
+              .build());
+      return this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * See {@link EditedMediaItemSequence#isLooping}.
      *
@@ -157,4 +178,14 @@ public final class EditedMediaItemSequence {
         !editedMediaItems.isEmpty(), "The sequence must contain at least one EditedMediaItem.");
     this.isLooping = builder.isLooping;
   }
+
+  /** Return whether any items are a {@linkplain Builder#addGap(long) gap}. */
+  /* package */ boolean hasGaps() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < editedMediaItems.size(); i++) {
+      if (editedMediaItems.get(i).isGap()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceAssetLoader.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceAssetLoader.java
index c542a86fb6..e35ee76248 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceAssetLoader.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceAssetLoader.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
   private final List<EditedMediaItem> editedMediaItems;
   private final boolean isLooping;
   private final boolean forceAudioTrack;
-  private final AssetLoader.Factory assetLoaderFactory;
+  private final Factory assetLoaderFactory;
   private final CompositionSettings compositionSettings;
   private final Listener sequenceAssetLoaderListener;
   private final HandlerWrapper handler;
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
   public SequenceAssetLoader(
       EditedMediaItemSequence sequence,
       boolean forceAudioTrack,
-      AssetLoader.Factory assetLoaderFactory,
+      Factory assetLoaderFactory,
       CompositionSettings compositionSettings,
       Listener listener,
       Clock clock,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
     editedMediaItems = sequence.editedMediaItems;
     isLooping = sequence.isLooping;
     this.forceAudioTrack = forceAudioTrack;
-    this.assetLoaderFactory = assetLoaderFactory;
+    this.assetLoaderFactory = new GapInterceptingAssetLoaderFactory(assetLoaderFactory);
     this.compositionSettings = compositionSettings;
     sequenceAssetLoaderListener = listener;
     handler = clock.createHandler(looper, /* callback= */ null);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
     // constructor.
     @SuppressWarnings("nullness:argument.type.incompatible")
     AssetLoader currentAssetLoader =
-        assetLoaderFactory.createAssetLoader(
+        this.assetLoaderFactory.createAssetLoader(
             editedMediaItems.get(0), looper, /* listener= */ this, compositionSettings);
     this.currentAssetLoader = currentAssetLoader;
   }
@@ -340,12 +340,14 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
       return;
     }
 
+    EditedMediaItem editedMediaItem = editedMediaItems.get(currentMediaItemIndex);
+
     onMediaItemChangedListener.onMediaItemChanged(
-        editedMediaItems.get(currentMediaItemIndex),
+        editedMediaItem,
         /* durationUs= */ (trackType == C.TRACK_TYPE_AUDIO && isLooping && decodeAudio)
             ? C.TIME_UNSET
             : currentAssetDurationUs,
-        /* decodedFormat= */ outputFormat,
+        /* decodedFormat= */ editedMediaItem.isGap() ? null : outputFormat,
         /* isLast= */ currentMediaItemIndex == editedMediaItems.size() - 1);
   }
 
@@ -544,6 +546,13 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
       }
     }
 
+    private void onGapSignalled() {
+      nonEndedTrackCount.decrementAndGet();
+      if (currentMediaItemIndex < editedMediaItems.size() - 1) {
+        switchAssetLoader();
+      }
+    }
+
     private void switchAssetLoader() {
       handler.post(
           () -> {
@@ -611,4 +620,106 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
       return new ClippingIterator(iterator.copyOf(), clippingValue);
     }
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Internally signals that the current asset is a {@linkplain
+   * EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder#addGap(long) gap}, but does no loading or processing of media.
+   *
+   * <p>This component requires downstream components to handle generation of the gap media.
+   */
+  private final class GapSignalingAssetLoader implements AssetLoader {
+
+    private static final int OUTPUT_FORMAT_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 10;
+
+    private final long durationUs;
+    private final Format trackFormat;
+    private final Format decodedFormat;
+
+    private boolean outputtedFormat;
+
+    private GapSignalingAssetLoader(long durationUs) {
+      this.durationUs = durationUs;
+      this.trackFormat = new Format.Builder().setSampleMimeType(MimeTypes.AUDIO_RAW).build();
+      this.decodedFormat =
+          new Format.Builder()
+              .setSampleMimeType(MimeTypes.AUDIO_RAW)
+              .setSampleRate(44100)
+              .setChannelCount(2)
+              .setPcmEncoding(C.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT)
+              .build();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start() {
+      onDurationUs(durationUs);
+      onTrackCount(1);
+      onTrackAdded(trackFormat, SUPPORTED_OUTPUT_TYPE_DECODED);
+      outputFormatToSequenceAssetLoader();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @Transformer.ProgressState int getProgress(ProgressHolder progressHolder) {
+      progressHolder.progress = outputtedFormat ? 99 : 0;
+      return PROGRESS_STATE_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ImmutableMap<Integer, String> getDecoderNames() {
+      return ImmutableMap.of();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void release() {}
+
+    /** Outputs the gap format, scheduling to try again if unsuccessful. */
+    private void outputFormatToSequenceAssetLoader() {
+      try {
+        if (outputtedFormat) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable SampleConsumerWrapper sampleConsumerWrapper = onOutputFormat(decodedFormat);
+        if (sampleConsumerWrapper != null) {
+          outputtedFormat = true;
+          sampleConsumerWrapper.onGapSignalled();
+        } else {
+          handler.postDelayed(
+              this::outputFormatToSequenceAssetLoader, OUTPUT_FORMAT_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+        }
+
+      } catch (ExportException e) {
+        onError(e);
+      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+        onError(ExportException.createForAssetLoader(e, ExportException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Intercepts {@link AssetLoader.Factory} calls, when {@linkplain
+   * EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder#addGap(long) a gap} is detected, otherwise forwards them to the
+   * provided {@link AssetLoader.Factory}.
+   *
+   * <p>In the case that a gap is detected, a {@link GapSignalingAssetLoader} is returned.
+   */
+  private final class GapInterceptingAssetLoaderFactory implements AssetLoader.Factory {
+
+    private final AssetLoader.Factory factory;
+
+    public GapInterceptingAssetLoaderFactory(AssetLoader.Factory factory) {
+      this.factory = factory;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public AssetLoader createAssetLoader(
+        EditedMediaItem editedMediaItem,
+        Looper looper,
+        Listener listener,
+        CompositionSettings compositionSettings) {
+      if (editedMediaItem.isGap()) {
+        return new GapSignalingAssetLoader(editedMediaItem.durationUs);
+      }
+      return factory.createAssetLoader(editedMediaItem, looper, listener, compositionSettings);
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerUtil.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerUtil.java
index 7cf16ee4f3..ec7c5b9247 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerUtil.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerUtil.java
@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ public final class TransformerUtil {
         || composition.sequences.get(sequenceIndex).editedMediaItems.size() > 1) {
       return !composition.transmuxAudio;
     }
+    if (composition.hasGaps()) {
+      return true;
+    }
     if (encoderFactory.audioNeedsEncoding()) {
       return true;
     }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/CompositionExportTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/CompositionExportTest.java
index fa3b4b9c44..446bbf0e01 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/CompositionExportTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/CompositionExportTest.java
@@ -447,6 +447,278 @@ public class CompositionExportTest {
         getCompositionDumpFilePath("seq-sample.wav+seq-sample.wav_clipped_100ms_to_400ms"));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithFirstSequenceAsGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioItem1000ms =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(1_000_000).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioItem1000ms).build())
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    // Gaps are 44.1kHz, stereo by default. Sample.wav is 44.1kHz mono, so this test needs its own
+    // dump file.
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath("seq-" + "gap_1000ms" + "+seq-" + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithFirstSequenceOffsetGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ))
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem otherAudioEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addGap(100_000)
+                    .addItem(audioEditedMediaItem)
+                    .build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(otherAudioEditedMediaItem).build())
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    ExportResult exportResult = TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(3);
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath(
+            "seq-"
+                + "gap_100ms-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                + "+seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithFirstSequencePaddingGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioItem300ms =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)
+                    .buildUpon()
+                    .setClippingConfiguration(
+                        new MediaItem.ClippingConfiguration.Builder()
+                            .setStartPositionMs(100)
+                            .setEndPositionMs(400)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioItem1000ms =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addItem(audioItem300ms)
+                    .addGap(700_000)
+                    .build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioItem1000ms).build())
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath(
+            "seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW)
+                + "+seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW)
+                + "_clipped100msTo400ms-gap_700ms"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioVideoCompositionWithSecondSequenceOffsetGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioVideoEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO))
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ))
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioVideoEditedMediaItem).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addGap(200_000)
+                    .addItem(audioEditedMediaItem)
+                    .build())
+            .setTransmuxVideo(true)
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    ExportResult exportResult = TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(3);
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath(
+            "seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO)
+                + "+seq-gap_200ms-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioVideoCompositionWithSecondSequenceIntervalGap_isCorrect()
+      throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioVideoEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO))
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem audio300msEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                new MediaItem.Builder()
+                    .setUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                    .setClippingConfiguration(
+                        new MediaItem.ClippingConfiguration.Builder().setEndPositionMs(300).build())
+                    .build())
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem audio500msEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                new MediaItem.Builder()
+                    .setUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                    .setClippingConfiguration(
+                        new MediaItem.ClippingConfiguration.Builder()
+                            .setStartPositionMs(300)
+                            .setEndPositionMs(800)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioVideoEditedMediaItem).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addItem(audio300msEditedMediaItem)
+                    .addGap(200_000)
+                    .addItem(audio500msEditedMediaItem)
+                    .build())
+            .setTransmuxVideo(true)
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    ExportResult exportResult = TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(4);
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath(
+            "seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO)
+                + "+seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                + "_clipped0msTo300ms-"
+                + "gap_200ms-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                + "_clipped300msTo800ms"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioVideoCompositionWithSecondSequencePaddingGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioVideoEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO))
+            .build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioEditedMediaItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(
+                MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ))
+            .setRemoveVideo(true)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioVideoEditedMediaItem).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+                    .addItem(audioEditedMediaItem)
+                    .addGap(100_000)
+                    .build())
+            .setTransmuxVideo(true)
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    ExportResult exportResult = TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exportResult.processedInputs).hasSize(3);
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getCompositionDumpFilePath(
+            "seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_VIDEO)
+                + "+seq-"
+                + getFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW_STEREO_48000KHZ)
+                + "-gap_100ms"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithSecondSequenceAsGap_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioItem1000ms =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder(audioItem1000ms).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(1_000_000).build())
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context, muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(), getDumpFileName(FILE_AUDIO_RAW));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_audioCompositionWithBothSequencesAsGaps_isCorrect() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    Composition composition =
+        new Composition.Builder(
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(500_000).build(),
+                new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(500_000).build())
+            .build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context, muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(), getDumpFileName("gap", "500ms"));
+  }
+
   private static String getFileName(String filePath) {
     int lastSeparator = filePath.lastIndexOf("/");
     return filePath.substring(lastSeparator + 1);
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaItemExportTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaItemExportTest.java
index c00b3f3924..64605e9aaf 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaItemExportTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaItemExportTest.java
@@ -141,6 +141,26 @@ public final class MediaItemExportTest {
     removeEncodersAndDecoders();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void start_gapOnlyExport_outputsSilence() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+
+    EditedMediaItemSequence gapSequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(500_000).build();
+
+    transformer.start(new Composition.Builder(gapSequence).build(), outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    ExportResult result = TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    // TODO(b/355201372) - Assert 500ms duration.
+    assertThat(result.durationMs).isAtLeast(487);
+    assertThat(result.durationMs).isAtMost(500);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context, muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(), getDumpFileName("gap", "500ms"));
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void start_audioAndVideoPassthrough_withClippingStartAtKeyFrame_completesSuccessfully()
       throws Exception {
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceExportTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceExportTest.java
index a45d0d8dc5..120b87c176 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceExportTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SequenceExportTest.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.createChannelCountChangingAud
 import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.createPitchChangingAudioProcessor;
 import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.createTransformerBuilder;
 import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.getDumpFileName;
+import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.getSequenceDumpFilePath;
 import static androidx.media3.transformer.TestUtil.removeEncodersAndDecoders;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
@@ -498,6 +499,171 @@ public final class SequenceExportTest {
             "silenceHighPitch"));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void start_gapGap_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder().addGap(300_000).addGap(200_000).build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context, muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(), getDumpFileName("gap", "500ms"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_itemGapGap_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem firstAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+            .addItem(firstAudioItem)
+            .addGap(500_000)
+            .addGap(200_000)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getSequenceDumpFilePath(
+            ImmutableList.of(FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""), "gap_500ms", "gap_200ms")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_gapGapItem_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem audioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+            .addGap(200_000)
+            .addGap(500_000)
+            .addItem(audioItem)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getSequenceDumpFilePath(
+            ImmutableList.of("gap_200ms", "gap_500ms", FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_itemGapGapItem_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem firstAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    EditedMediaItem secondAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+            .addItem(firstAudioItem)
+            .addGap(500_000)
+            .addGap(200_000)
+            .addItem(secondAudioItem)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getSequenceDumpFilePath(
+            ImmutableList.of(
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""),
+                "gap_500ms",
+                "gap_200ms",
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_itemGapItemGap_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem firstAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    EditedMediaItem secondAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+            .addItem(firstAudioItem)
+            .addGap(200_000)
+            .addItem(secondAudioItem)
+            .addGap(500_000)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getSequenceDumpFilePath(
+            ImmutableList.of(
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""),
+                "gap_200ms",
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""),
+                "gap_500ms")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void start_gapItemGapItem_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
+    CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);
+    Transformer transformer =
+        createTransformerBuilder(muxerFactory, /* enableFallback= */ false).build();
+    EditedMediaItem firstAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+    EditedMediaItem secondAudioItem =
+        new EditedMediaItem.Builder(MediaItem.fromUri(ASSET_URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_RAW)).build();
+
+    EditedMediaItemSequence sequence =
+        new EditedMediaItemSequence.Builder()
+            .addGap(500_000)
+            .addItem(firstAudioItem)
+            .addGap(200_000)
+            .addItem(secondAudioItem)
+            .build();
+    Composition composition = new Composition.Builder(sequence).build();
+
+    transformer.start(composition, outputDir.newFile().getPath());
+    TransformerTestRunner.runLooper(transformer);
+
+    DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(
+        context,
+        muxerFactory.getCreatedMuxer(),
+        getSequenceDumpFilePath(
+            ImmutableList.of(
+                "gap_500ms",
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""),
+                "gap_200ms",
+                FILE_AUDIO_RAW.replace("wav/", ""))));
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void concatenateTwoAudioItems_withSameFormat_completesSuccessfully() throws Exception {
     CapturingMuxer.Factory muxerFactory = new CapturingMuxer.Factory(/* handleAudioAsPcm= */ true);