Default to parse subtitles while extracting, instead of while rendering

To override this change, and go back to parsing during rendering,
apps must make two method calls:

1. `MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(false)`
2. `TextRenderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(true)`

PiperOrigin-RevId: 634262798

RELEASENOTES.md

@@ -67,6 +67,21 @@
 *   Text:
     *   Fix issue where subtitles starting before a seek position are skipped.
         This issue was only introduced in Media3 1.4.0-alpha01.
+    *   Change default subtitle parsing behavior so it happens during extraction
+        instead of during rendering (see
+        [ExoPlayer's architecture diagram](https://developer.android.com/media/media3/exoplayer/glossary#exoplayer)
+        for the difference between extraction and rendering).
+        *   This change can be overridden by calling **both**
+            `MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(false)`
+            and `TextRenderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(true)`. See
+            the
+            [docs on customization](https://developer.android.com/media/media3/exoplayer/customization)
+            for how to plumb these components into an `ExoPlayer` instance.
+            These methods (and all support for legacy subtitle decoding) will be
+            removed in a future release.
+        *   Apps with custom `SubtitleDecoder` implementations need to update
+            them to implement `SubtitleParser` instead (and
+            `SubtitleParser.Factory` instead of `SubtitleDecoderFactory`).
 *   Metadata:
     *   Fix mapping of MP4 to ID3 sort tags. Previously the 'album sort'
         (`soal`), 'artist sort' (`soar`) and 'album artist sort' (`soaa`) MP4

libraries/exoplayer/src/androidTest/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/ClippedPlaybackTest.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
 import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem.SubtitleConfiguration;
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ import androidx.media3.common.text.CueGroup;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.ConditionVariable;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.ClippingMediaSource;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.text.TextOutput;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.text.TextRenderer;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -86,14 +89,8 @@ public final class ClippedPlaybackTest {
     getInstrumentation()
         .runOnMainSync(
             () -> {
-              Context context = getInstrumentation().getContext();
               player.set(
-                  new ExoPlayer.Builder(context)
+                  buildPlayer(getInstrumentation().getContext(), parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction));
-                      .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                          new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context)
-                              .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
-                                  parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction))
-                      .build());
               player.get().addListener(textCapturer);
               player.get().setMediaItem(mediaItem);
               player.get().prepare();
@@ -138,14 +135,8 @@ public final class ClippedPlaybackTest {
     getInstrumentation()
         .runOnMainSync(
             () -> {
-              Context context = getInstrumentation().getContext();
               player.set(
-                  new ExoPlayer.Builder(context)
+                  buildPlayer(getInstrumentation().getContext(), parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction));
-                      .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                          new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context)
-                              .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
-                                  parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction))
-                      .build());
               player.get().addListener(textCapturer);
               player.get().setMediaItems(mediaItems);
               player.get().prepare();
@@ -163,6 +154,33 @@ public final class ClippedPlaybackTest {
         .isEqualTo("This is the first subtitle.");
   }
 
+  // Using deprecated TextRenderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled() and
+  // MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction() methods to ensure legacy
+  // subtitle handling keeps working.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+  private static ExoPlayer buildPlayer(Context context, boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {
+    return new ExoPlayer.Builder(context)
+        .setRenderersFactory(
+            new DefaultRenderersFactory(context) {
+
+              @Override
+              protected void buildTextRenderers(
+                  Context context,
+                  TextOutput output,
+                  Looper outputLooper,
+                  @ExtensionRendererMode int extensionRendererMode,
+                  ArrayList<Renderer> out) {
+                super.buildTextRenderers(context, output, outputLooper, extensionRendererMode, out);
+                ((TextRenderer) Iterables.getLast(out))
+                    .experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(!parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction);
+              }
+            })
+        .setMediaSourceFactory(
+            new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context)
+                .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction))
+        .build();
+  }
+
   private static void playWhenLoadingIsDone(Player player) {
     AtomicBoolean loadingStarted = new AtomicBoolean(false);
     player.addListener(

libraries/exoplayer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/source/DefaultMediaSourceFactory.java

@@ -187,10 +187,12 @@ public final class DefaultMediaSourceFactory implements MediaSourceFactory {
     liveMaxOffsetMs = C.TIME_UNSET;
     liveMinSpeed = C.RATE_UNSET;
     liveMaxSpeed = C.RATE_UNSET;
+    parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction = true;
   }
 
   @CanIgnoreReturnValue
   @UnstableApi
+  @Deprecated
   @Override
   public DefaultMediaSourceFactory experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
       boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {
@@ -620,6 +622,7 @@ public final class DefaultMediaSourceFactory implements MediaSourceFactory {
       this.subtitleParserFactory = subtitleParserFactory;
       mediaSourceFactorySuppliers = new HashMap<>();
       mediaSourceFactories = new HashMap<>();
+      parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction = true;
     }
 
     public @C.ContentType int[] getSupportedTypes() {

libraries/exoplayer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/source/MediaSource.java

@@ -102,24 +102,25 @@ public interface MediaSource {
     /**
      * Sets whether subtitles should be parsed as part of extraction (before being added to the
      * sample queue) or as part of rendering (when being taken from the sample queue). Defaults to
-     * {@code false} (i.e. subtitles will be parsed as part of rendering).
+     * {@code true} (i.e. subtitles will be parsed during extraction).
      *
      * <p>This method is experimental and will be renamed or removed in a future release.
      *
+     * @deprecated This method (and all support for 'legacy' subtitle decoding during rendering)
+     *     will be removed in a future release.
      * @param parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction Whether to parse subtitles during extraction or
      *     rendering.
      * @return This factory, for convenience.
      */
-    // TODO: b/289916598 - Flip the default of this to true.
     @UnstableApi
+    @Deprecated
     default Factory experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
         boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {
       return this;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the {@link SubtitleParser.Factory} to be used for parsing subtitles during extraction if
+     * Sets the {@link SubtitleParser.Factory} to be used for parsing subtitles during extraction.
-     * {@link #experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction} is enabled.
      *
      * @param subtitleParserFactory The {@link SubtitleParser.Factory} for parsing subtitles during
      *     extraction.

libraries/exoplayer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/text/TextRenderer.java

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public final class TextRenderer extends BaseRenderer implements Callback {
     finalStreamEndPositionUs = C.TIME_UNSET;
     outputStreamOffsetUs = C.TIME_UNSET;
     lastRendererPositionUs = C.TIME_UNSET;
-    legacyDecodingEnabled = true;
+    legacyDecodingEnabled = false;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -277,11 +277,15 @@ public final class TextRenderer extends BaseRenderer implements Callback {
    * MimeTypes#APPLICATION_MEDIA3_CUES} (which have been parsed from their original format during
    * extraction), and will throw an exception if passed data of a different type.
    *
-   * <p>This is enabled by default.
+   * <p>This is disabled by default.
    *
    * <p>This method is experimental. It may change behavior, be renamed, or removed in a future
    * release.
+   *
+   * @deprecated This method (and all support for 'legacy' subtitle decoding during rendering) will
+   *     be removed in a future release.
    */
+  @Deprecated
   public void experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(boolean legacyDecodingEnabled) {
     this.legacyDecodingEnabled = legacyDecodingEnabled;
   }

libraries/exoplayer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/e2etest/MkvPlaybackTest.java

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
 import androidx.media3.common.Player;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
-import androidx.media3.extractor.DefaultExtractorsFactory;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.CapturingRenderersFactory;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.DumpFileAsserts;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.FakeClock;
@@ -66,11 +65,8 @@ public final class MkvPlaybackTest {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
-    // TODO: b/289916598 - Remove this when transcoding is the default.
-    DefaultExtractorsFactory extractorsFactory =
-        new DefaultExtractorsFactory().setTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(true);
     DefaultMediaSourceFactory mediaSourceFactory =
-        new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext, extractorsFactory);
+        new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory, mediaSourceFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))

libraries/exoplayer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/e2etest/PlaylistPlaybackTest.java

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ import androidx.media3.common.MimeTypes;
 import androidx.media3.common.Player;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.Clock;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.CapturingRenderersFactory;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.DumpFileAsserts;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.FakeClock;
@@ -107,13 +105,9 @@ public final class PlaylistPlaybackTest {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
-    MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
-        new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
-            .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(mediaSourceFactory)
             .build();
     Surface surface = new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1));
     player.setVideoSurface(surface);

libraries/exoplayer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/e2etest/WebvttPlaybackTest.java

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
 import android.net.Uri;
-import android.os.Looper;
 import android.view.Surface;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
@@ -35,11 +34,9 @@ import androidx.media3.exoplayer.DefaultLoadControl;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.DefaultRenderersFactory;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.Renderer;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.RenderersFactory;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.text.TextOutput;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.text.TextRenderer;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.CapturingRenderersFactory;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.DumpFileAsserts;
@@ -50,8 +47,6 @@ import androidx.media3.test.utils.robolectric.ShadowMediaCodecConfig;
 import androidx.media3.test.utils.robolectric.TestPlayerRunHelper;
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import org.junit.Rule;
@@ -78,13 +73,9 @@ public class WebvttPlaybackTest {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
-    MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
-        new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
-            .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(mediaSourceFactory)
             .build();
     Surface surface = new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1));
     player.setVideoSurface(surface);
@@ -120,13 +111,9 @@ public class WebvttPlaybackTest {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
-    MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
-        new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
-            .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(mediaSourceFactory)
             .setLoadControl(
                 new DefaultLoadControl.Builder()
                     .setBackBuffer(
@@ -167,11 +154,21 @@ public class WebvttPlaybackTest {
         applicationContext, playbackOutput, "playbackdumps/webvtt/" + inputFile + ".seek.dump");
   }
 
+  // Using deprecated TextRenderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled() and
+  // MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction() methods to ensure legacy
+  // subtitle handling keeps working.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void test_legacyParseInRenderer() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
-        new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
+        new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext)
+            .setTextRendererFactory(
+                (textOutput, outputLooper) -> {
+                  TextRenderer renderer = new TextRenderer(textOutput, outputLooper);
+                  renderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(true);
+                  return renderer;
+                });
     MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
         new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
             .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(false);
@@ -215,11 +212,21 @@ public class WebvttPlaybackTest {
         applicationContext, playbackOutput, "playbackdumps/webvtt/" + inputFile + ".dump");
   }
 
+  // Using deprecated TextRenderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled() and
+  // MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction() methods to ensure legacy
+  // subtitle handling keeps working.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void test_legacyParseInRendererWithSeek() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
     CapturingRenderersFactory capturingRenderersFactory =
-        new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
+        new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext)
+            .setTextRendererFactory(
+                (textOutput, outputLooper) -> {
+                  TextRenderer renderer = new TextRenderer(textOutput, outputLooper);
+                  renderer.experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(true);
+                  return renderer;
+                });
     MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
         new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
             .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(false);
@@ -278,22 +285,12 @@ public class WebvttPlaybackTest {
         applicationContext, playbackOutput, "playbackdumps/webvtt/" + inputFile + ".seek.dump");
   }
 
+  // Deliberately configuring legacy subtitle handling to check unconfigured TextRenderer fails.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
-  public void textRendererDoesntSupportLegacyDecoding_playbackFails() throws Exception {
+  public void textRenderer_doesntSupportLegacyDecodingByDefault_playbackFails() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
-    RenderersFactory renderersFactory =
+    RenderersFactory renderersFactory = new DefaultRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
-        new DefaultRenderersFactory(applicationContext) {
-          @Override
-          protected void buildTextRenderers(
-              Context context,
-              TextOutput output,
-              Looper outputLooper,
-              @ExtensionRendererMode int extensionRendererMode,
-              ArrayList<Renderer> out) {
-            super.buildTextRenderers(context, output, outputLooper, extensionRendererMode, out);
-            ((TextRenderer) Iterables.getLast(out)).experimentalSetLegacyDecodingEnabled(false);
-          }
-        };
     MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory =
         new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(applicationContext)
             .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(false);

libraries/exoplayer_dash/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/dash/DashMediaSource.java

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ public final class DashMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource {
       fallbackTargetLiveOffsetMs = DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TARGET_LIVE_OFFSET_MS;
       minLiveStartPositionUs = MIN_LIVE_DEFAULT_START_POSITION_US;
       compositeSequenceableLoaderFactory = new DefaultCompositeSequenceableLoaderFactory();
+      experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     }
 
     @CanIgnoreReturnValue
@@ -205,6 +206,7 @@ public final class DashMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource {
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Deprecated
     @CanIgnoreReturnValue
     public Factory experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
         boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {

libraries/exoplayer_dash/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/dash/e2etest/DashPlaybackTest.java

@@ -58,9 +58,6 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new DashMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
     PlaybackOutput playbackOutput = PlaybackOutput.register(player, capturingRenderersFactory);
@@ -87,9 +84,6 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new DashMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
     PlaybackOutput playbackOutput = PlaybackOutput.register(player, capturingRenderersFactory);
@@ -116,9 +110,6 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new DashMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
@@ -145,9 +136,6 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new DashMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
@@ -171,6 +159,9 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
    * This test and {@link #cea608_parseDuringExtraction()} use the same output dump file, to
    * demonstrate the flag has no effect on the resulting subtitles.
    */
+  // Using deprecated MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction() method to
+  // ensure legacy subtitle handling keeps working.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void cea608_parseDuringRendering() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
@@ -204,6 +195,9 @@ public final class DashPlaybackTest {
    * This test and {@link #cea608_parseDuringRendering()} use the same output dump file, to
    * demonstrate the flag has no effect on the resulting subtitles.
    */
+  // Explicitly enable parsing during extraction (even though a) it's the default and b) currently
+  // all CEA-608 parsing happens during rendering) to make this test clearer & more future-proof.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void cea608_parseDuringExtraction() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();

libraries/exoplayer_hls/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/hls/HlsMediaSource.java

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ public final class HlsMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource
       metadataType = METADATA_TYPE_ID3;
       elapsedRealTimeOffsetMs = C.TIME_UNSET;
       allowChunklessPreparation = true;
+      experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ public final class HlsMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Deprecated
     @CanIgnoreReturnValue
     public Factory experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
         boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {

libraries/exoplayer_hls/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/hls/e2etest/HlsPlaybackTest.java

@@ -53,9 +53,6 @@ public final class HlsPlaybackTest {
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new HlsMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
@@ -79,9 +76,6 @@ public final class HlsPlaybackTest {
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new HlsMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
             .build();
     player.setVideoSurface(new Surface(new SurfaceTexture(/* texName= */ 1)));
@@ -102,6 +96,9 @@ public final class HlsPlaybackTest {
    * This test and {@link #cea608_parseDuringExtraction()} use the same output dump file, to
    * demonstrate the flag has no effect on the resulting subtitles.
    */
+  // Using deprecated MediaSource.Factory.experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction() method to
+  // ensure legacy subtitle handling keeps working.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void cea608_parseDuringRendering() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
@@ -131,6 +128,9 @@ public final class HlsPlaybackTest {
    * This test and {@link #cea608_parseDuringRendering()} use the same output dump file, to
    * demonstrate the flag has no effect on the resulting subtitles.
    */
+  // Explicitly enable parsing during extraction (even though a) it's the default and b) currently
+  // all CEA-608 parsing happens during rendering) to make this test clearer & more future-proof.
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
   @Test
   public void cea608_parseDuringExtraction() throws Exception {
     Context applicationContext = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext();
@@ -164,9 +164,6 @@ public final class HlsPlaybackTest {
         new CapturingRenderersFactory(applicationContext);
     ExoPlayer player =
         new ExoPlayer.Builder(applicationContext, capturingRenderersFactory)
-            .setMediaSourceFactory(
-                new HlsMediaSource.Factory(new DefaultDataSource.Factory(applicationContext))
-                    .experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true))
             .setClock(new FakeClock(/* isAutoAdvancing= */ true))
             .setLoadControl(
                 new DefaultLoadControl.Builder()

libraries/exoplayer_smoothstreaming/src/main/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/smoothstreaming/SsMediaSource.java

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ public final class SsMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource
       loadErrorHandlingPolicy = new DefaultLoadErrorHandlingPolicy();
       livePresentationDelayMs = DEFAULT_LIVE_PRESENTATION_DELAY_MS;
       compositeSequenceableLoaderFactory = new DefaultCompositeSequenceableLoaderFactory();
+      experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(true);
     }
 
     @CanIgnoreReturnValue
@@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ public final class SsMediaSource extends BaseMediaSource
     }
 
     @Override
+    @Deprecated
     @CanIgnoreReturnValue
     public Factory experimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction(
         boolean parseSubtitlesDuringExtraction) {

libraries/exoplayer_smoothstreaming/src/test/java/androidx/media3/exoplayer/smoothstreaming/SsMediaSourceTest.java

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ public class SsMediaSourceTest {
   }
 
   @Test
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // Testing deprecated method
   public void
       setExperimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction_withNonDefaultChunkSourceFactory_setSucceeds() {
     SsMediaSource.Factory ssMediaSourceFactory =
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ public class SsMediaSourceTest {
   }
 
   @Test
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // Testing deprecated method
   public void
       setExperimentalParseSubtitlesDuringExtraction_withDefaultChunkSourceFactory_setSucceeds() {
     SsMediaSource.Factory ssMediaSourceFactory =

libraries/extractor/src/main/java/androidx/media3/extractor/DefaultExtractorsFactory.java

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ public final class DefaultExtractorsFactory implements ExtractorsFactory {
     tsMode = TsExtractor.MODE_SINGLE_PMT;
     tsTimestampSearchBytes = TsExtractor.DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_SEARCH_BYTES;
     subtitleParserFactory = new DefaultSubtitleParserFactory();
+    textTrackTranscodingEnabled = true;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -361,7 +362,8 @@ public final class DefaultExtractorsFactory implements ExtractorsFactory {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @deprecated Use {@link #experimentalSetTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(boolean)} instead.
+   * @deprecated This method (and all support for 'legacy' subtitle decoding during rendering) will
+   *     be removed in a future release.
    */
   @Deprecated
   @CanIgnoreReturnValue
@@ -370,6 +372,7 @@ public final class DefaultExtractorsFactory implements ExtractorsFactory {
     return experimentalSetTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(textTrackTranscodingEnabled);
   }
 
+  @Deprecated
   @Override
   public synchronized DefaultExtractorsFactory experimentalSetTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(
       boolean textTrackTranscodingEnabled) {

libraries/extractor/src/main/java/androidx/media3/extractor/ExtractorsFactory.java

@@ -37,15 +37,17 @@ public interface ExtractorsFactory {
    * Enables transcoding of text track samples to {@link MimeTypes#APPLICATION_MEDIA3_CUES} before
    * the data is emitted to {@link TrackOutput}.
    *
-   * <p>Transcoding is disabled by default.
+   * <p>Transcoding is enabled by default.
    *
    * <p>This method is experimental and will be renamed or removed in a future release.
    *
    * @param textTrackTranscodingEnabled Whether to enable transcoding.
    * @return The factory, for convenience.
+   * @deprecated This method (and all support for 'legacy' subtitle decoding during rendering) will
+   *     be removed in a future release.
    */
-  // TODO: b/289916598 - Flip this to default to enabled and deprecate it.
   @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  @Deprecated
   default ExtractorsFactory experimentalSetTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(
       boolean textTrackTranscodingEnabled) {
     return this;

libraries/extractor/src/test/java/androidx/media3/extractor/DefaultExtractorsFactoryTest.java

@@ -137,11 +137,23 @@ public final class DefaultExtractorsFactoryTest {
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void subtitleTranscoding_notEnabledByDefault() {
+  public void subtitleTranscoding_enabledByDefault() {
     DefaultExtractorsFactory defaultExtractorsFactory = new DefaultExtractorsFactory();
 
     Extractor[] extractors = defaultExtractorsFactory.createExtractors();
 
+    assertThat(stream(extractors).map(Object::getClass))
+        .contains(SubtitleTranscodingExtractor.class);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // Testing legacy subtitle handling
+  @Test
+  public void subtitleTranscoding_noExtractorWrappingIfDisabled() {
+    DefaultExtractorsFactory defaultExtractorsFactory =
+        new DefaultExtractorsFactory().setTextTrackTranscodingEnabled(false);
+
+    Extractor[] extractors = defaultExtractorsFactory.createExtractors();
+
     assertThat(stream(extractors).map(Object::getClass))
         .doesNotContain(SubtitleTranscodingExtractor.class);
   }

libraries/test_utils/src/main/java/androidx/media3/test/utils/CapturingRenderersFactory.java

@@ -23,11 +23,13 @@ import android.media.MediaCodec;
 import android.media.MediaFormat;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 import android.view.Surface;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.CryptoInfo;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.DefaultRenderersFactory;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ import androidx.media3.exoplayer.video.VideoRendererEventListener;
 import com.google.common.collect.ArrayListMultimap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
+import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -72,7 +75,9 @@ public class CapturingRenderersFactory implements RenderersFactory, Dumper.Dumpa
   private final CapturingMediaCodecAdapter.Factory mediaCodecAdapterFactory;
   private final CapturingAudioSink audioSink;
   private final CapturingImageOutput imageOutput;
+
   private ImageDecoder.Factory imageDecoderFactory;
+  private TextRendererFactory textRendererFactory;
 
   /**
    * Creates an instance.
@@ -85,6 +90,7 @@ public class CapturingRenderersFactory implements RenderersFactory, Dumper.Dumpa
     this.audioSink = new CapturingAudioSink(new DefaultAudioSink.Builder(context).build());
     this.imageOutput = new CapturingImageOutput();
     this.imageDecoderFactory = ImageDecoder.Factory.DEFAULT;
+    this.textRendererFactory = TextRenderer::new;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -99,6 +105,18 @@ public class CapturingRenderersFactory implements RenderersFactory, Dumper.Dumpa
     return this;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sets the factory for {@link Renderer} instances that handle {@link C#TRACK_TYPE_TEXT} tracks.
+   *
+   * @param textRendererFactory The {@link TextRendererFactory}.
+   * @return This factory, for convenience.
+   */
+  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+  public CapturingRenderersFactory setTextRendererFactory(TextRendererFactory textRendererFactory) {
+    this.textRendererFactory = textRendererFactory;
+    return this;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Renderer[] createRenderers(
       Handler eventHandler,
@@ -146,7 +164,7 @@ public class CapturingRenderersFactory implements RenderersFactory, Dumper.Dumpa
             eventHandler,
             audioRendererEventListener,
             audioSink));
-    renderers.add(new TextRenderer(textRendererOutput, eventHandler.getLooper()));
+    renderers.add(textRendererFactory.create(textRendererOutput, eventHandler.getLooper()));
     renderers.add(new MetadataRenderer(metadataRendererOutput, eventHandler.getLooper()));
     renderers.add(new ImageRenderer(imageDecoderFactory, imageOutput));
 
@@ -160,6 +178,18 @@ public class CapturingRenderersFactory implements RenderersFactory, Dumper.Dumpa
     imageOutput.dump(dumper);
   }
 
+  /** A factory for {@link Renderer} instances that handle {@link C#TRACK_TYPE_TEXT} tracks. */
+  public interface TextRendererFactory {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Renderer} instance for a {@link C#TRACK_TYPE_TEXT} track.
+     *
+     * @param textOutput A {@link TextOutput} to handle the parsed subtitles.
+     * @param outputLooper The looper used to invoke {@code textOutput}.
+     */
+    Renderer create(TextOutput textOutput, Looper outputLooper);
+  }
+
   /**
    * A {@link MediaCodecAdapter} that captures interactions and exposes them for test assertions via
    * {@link Dumper.Dumpable}.