diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java
index 22a6bd7d75..82633e7da4 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/AudioSamplePipeline.java
@@ -25,13 +25,10 @@ import android.media.MediaCodec.BufferInfo;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
-import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor.AudioFormat;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.SonicAudioProcessor;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.EnsuresNonNullIf;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
@@ -47,7 +44,6 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 
   private final Format inputFormat;
   private final Transformation transformation;
-  private final int rendererIndex;
 
   private final MediaCodecAdapterWrapper decoder;
   private final DecoderInputBuffer decoderInputBuffer;
@@ -67,11 +63,10 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
   private boolean drainingSonicForSpeedChange;
   private float currentSpeed;
 
-  public AudioSamplePipeline(Format inputFormat, Transformation transformation, int rendererIndex)
-      throws ExoPlaybackException {
+  public AudioSamplePipeline(Format inputFormat, Transformation transformation)
+      throws TransformationException {
     this.inputFormat = inputFormat;
     this.transformation = transformation;
-    this.rendererIndex = rendererIndex;
     decoderInputBuffer =
         new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
     encoderInputBuffer =
@@ -82,19 +77,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
     sonicOutputBuffer = AudioProcessor.EMPTY_BUFFER;
     speedProvider = new SegmentSpeedProvider(inputFormat);
     currentSpeed = speedProvider.getSpeed(0);
-    try {
-      this.decoder = MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioDecoding(inputFormat);
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign a specific error code.
-      throw ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
-          e,
-          TAG,
-          rendererIndex,
-          inputFormat,
-          /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
-          /* isRecoverable= */ false,
-          PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-    }
+    this.decoder = MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioDecoding(inputFormat);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -109,7 +92,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
   }
 
   @Override
-  public boolean processData() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+  public boolean processData() throws TransformationException {
     if (!ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured()) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -292,7 +275,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
   @EnsuresNonNullIf(
       expression = {"encoder", "encoderInputAudioFormat"},
       result = true)
-  private boolean ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+  private boolean ensureEncoderAndAudioProcessingConfigured() throws TransformationException {
     if (encoder != null && encoderInputAudioFormat != null) {
       return true;
     }
@@ -310,27 +293,24 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
         outputAudioFormat = sonicAudioProcessor.configure(outputAudioFormat);
         flushSonicAndSetSpeed(currentSpeed);
       } catch (AudioProcessor.UnhandledAudioFormatException e) {
-        // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
-        throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+        throw TransformationException.createForAudioProcessor(
+            e,
+            "Sonic",
+            outputAudioFormat,
+            TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_PROCESSOR_INIT_FAILED);
       }
     }
-    String audioMimeType =
-        transformation.audioMimeType == null
-            ? inputFormat.sampleMimeType
-            : transformation.audioMimeType;
-    try {
-      encoder =
-          MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioEncoding(
-              new Format.Builder()
-                  .setSampleMimeType(audioMimeType)
-                  .setSampleRate(outputAudioFormat.sampleRate)
-                  .setChannelCount(outputAudioFormat.channelCount)
-                  .setAverageBitrate(DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE)
-                  .build());
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign an adequate error code.
-      throw createRendererException(e, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-    }
+    encoder =
+        MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForAudioEncoding(
+            new Format.Builder()
+                .setSampleMimeType(
+                    transformation.audioMimeType == null
+                        ? inputFormat.sampleMimeType
+                        : transformation.audioMimeType)
+                .setSampleRate(outputAudioFormat.sampleRate)
+                .setChannelCount(outputAudioFormat.channelCount)
+                .setAverageBitrate(DEFAULT_ENCODER_BITRATE)
+                .build());
     encoderInputAudioFormat = outputAudioFormat;
     return true;
   }
@@ -351,17 +331,6 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
     sonicAudioProcessor.flush();
   }
 
-  private ExoPlaybackException createRendererException(Throwable cause, int errorCode) {
-    return ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
-        cause,
-        TAG,
-        rendererIndex,
-        inputFormat,
-        /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
-        /* isRecoverable= */ false,
-        errorCode);
-  }
-
   private void computeNextEncoderInputBufferTimeUs(
       long bytesWritten, int bytesPerFrame, int sampleRate) {
     // The calculation below accounts for remainders and rounding. Without that it corresponds to
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.java
index eab805c806..9a5ac58e39 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.java
@@ -100,29 +100,28 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
    * @param format The {@link Format} (of the input data) used to determine the underlying {@link
    *     MediaCodec} and its configuration values.
    * @return A configured and started decoder wrapper.
-   * @throws IOException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
+   * @throws TransformationException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
    */
-  public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForAudioDecoding(Format format) throws IOException {
-    @Nullable MediaCodecAdapter adapter = null;
+  public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForAudioDecoding(Format format)
+      throws TransformationException {
+    MediaFormat mediaFormat =
+        MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(
+            checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.sampleRate, format.channelCount);
+    MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(
+        mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, format.maxInputSize);
+    MediaFormatUtil.setCsdBuffers(mediaFormat, format.initializationData);
+
+    MediaCodecAdapter adapter;
     try {
-      MediaFormat mediaFormat =
-          MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(
-              checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.sampleRate, format.channelCount);
-      MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(
-          mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, format.maxInputSize);
-      MediaFormatUtil.setCsdBuffers(mediaFormat, format.initializationData);
       adapter =
           new Factory()
               .createAdapter(
                   MediaCodecAdapter.Configuration.createForAudioDecoding(
                       createPlaceholderMediaCodecInfo(), mediaFormat, format, /* crypto= */ null));
-      return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
     } catch (Exception e) {
-      if (adapter != null) {
-        adapter.release();
-      }
-      throw e;
+      throw createTransformationException(e, format, /* isVideo= */ false, /* isDecoder= */ true);
     }
+    return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -133,28 +132,26 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
    *     MediaCodec} and its configuration values.
    * @param surface The {@link Surface} to which the decoder output is rendered.
    * @return A configured and started decoder wrapper.
-   * @throws IOException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
+   * @throws TransformationException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
    */
   @SuppressLint("InlinedApi")
   public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForVideoDecoding(Format format, Surface surface)
-      throws IOException {
-    @Nullable MediaCodecAdapter adapter = null;
+      throws TransformationException {
+    MediaFormat mediaFormat =
+        MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(
+            checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.width, format.height);
+    MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_ROTATION, format.rotationDegrees);
+    MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(
+        mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, format.maxInputSize);
+    MediaFormatUtil.setCsdBuffers(mediaFormat, format.initializationData);
+    if (SDK_INT >= 29) {
+      // On API levels over 29, Transformer decodes as many frames as possible in one render
+      // cycle. This key ensures no frame dropping when the decoder's output surface is full.
+      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_ALLOW_FRAME_DROP, 0);
+    }
+
+    MediaCodecAdapter adapter;
     try {
-      MediaFormat mediaFormat =
-          MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(
-              checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.width, format.height);
-      MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(
-          mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_ROTATION, format.rotationDegrees);
-      MediaFormatUtil.maybeSetInteger(
-          mediaFormat, MediaFormat.KEY_MAX_INPUT_SIZE, format.maxInputSize);
-      MediaFormatUtil.setCsdBuffers(mediaFormat, format.initializationData);
-
-      if (SDK_INT >= 29) {
-        // On API levels over 29, Transformer decodes as many frames as possible in one render
-        // cycle. This key ensures no frame dropping when the decoder's output surface is full.
-        mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_ALLOW_FRAME_DROP, 0);
-      }
-
       adapter =
           new Factory()
               .createAdapter(
@@ -164,13 +161,10 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
                       format,
                       surface,
                       /* crypto= */ null));
-      return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
     } catch (Exception e) {
-      if (adapter != null) {
-        adapter.release();
-      }
-      throw e;
+      throw createTransformationException(e, format, /* isVideo= */ true, /* isDecoder= */ true);
     }
+    return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -180,30 +174,26 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
    * @param format The {@link Format} (of the output data) used to determine the underlying {@link
    *     MediaCodec} and its configuration values.
    * @return A configured and started encoder wrapper.
-   * @throws IOException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
+   * @throws TransformationException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
    */
-  public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForAudioEncoding(Format format) throws IOException {
-    @Nullable MediaCodec encoder = null;
-    @Nullable MediaCodecAdapter adapter = null;
+  public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForAudioEncoding(Format format)
+      throws TransformationException {
+    MediaFormat mediaFormat =
+        MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(
+            checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.sampleRate, format.channelCount);
+    mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, format.bitrate);
+
+    MediaCodecAdapter adapter;
     try {
-      MediaFormat mediaFormat =
-          MediaFormat.createAudioFormat(
-              checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.sampleRate, format.channelCount);
-      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, format.bitrate);
       adapter =
           new Factory()
               .createAdapter(
                   MediaCodecAdapter.Configuration.createForAudioEncoding(
                       createPlaceholderMediaCodecInfo(), mediaFormat, format));
-      return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
     } catch (Exception e) {
-      if (adapter != null) {
-        adapter.release();
-      } else if (encoder != null) {
-        encoder.release();
-      }
-      throw e;
+      throw createTransformationException(e, format, /* isVideo= */ false, /* isDecoder= */ false);
     }
+    return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -219,41 +209,37 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
    *     are from {@code MediaFormat.KEY_*} constants. Its values will override those in {@code
    *     format}.
    * @return A configured and started encoder wrapper.
-   * @throws IOException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
+   * @throws TransformationException If the underlying codec cannot be created.
    */
   public static MediaCodecAdapterWrapper createForVideoEncoding(
-      Format format, Map<String, Integer> additionalEncoderConfig) throws IOException {
+      Format format, Map<String, Integer> additionalEncoderConfig) throws TransformationException {
     checkArgument(format.width != Format.NO_VALUE);
     checkArgument(format.height != Format.NO_VALUE);
     checkArgument(format.height < format.width);
     checkArgument(format.rotationDegrees == 0);
 
-    @Nullable MediaCodecAdapter adapter = null;
+    MediaFormat mediaFormat =
+        MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(
+            checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.width, format.height);
+    mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface);
+    mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, 30);
+    mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 1);
+    mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, 413_000);
+    for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> encoderSetting : additionalEncoderConfig.entrySet()) {
+      mediaFormat.setInteger(encoderSetting.getKey(), encoderSetting.getValue());
+    }
+
+    MediaCodecAdapter adapter;
     try {
-      MediaFormat mediaFormat =
-          MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(
-              checkNotNull(format.sampleMimeType), format.width, format.height);
-      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface);
-      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, 30);
-      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 1);
-      mediaFormat.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, 413_000);
-
-      for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> encoderSetting : additionalEncoderConfig.entrySet()) {
-        mediaFormat.setInteger(encoderSetting.getKey(), encoderSetting.getValue());
-      }
-
       adapter =
           new Factory()
               .createAdapter(
                   MediaCodecAdapter.Configuration.createForVideoEncoding(
                       createPlaceholderMediaCodecInfo(), mediaFormat, format));
-      return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
     } catch (Exception e) {
-      if (adapter != null) {
-        adapter.release();
-      }
-      throw e;
+      throw createTransformationException(e, format, /* isVideo= */ true, /* isDecoder= */ false);
     }
+    return new MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(adapter);
   }
 
   private MediaCodecAdapterWrapper(MediaCodecAdapter codec) {
@@ -458,4 +444,28 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
     }
     return formatBuilder.build();
   }
+
+  private static TransformationException createTransformationException(
+      Exception cause, Format format, boolean isVideo, boolean isDecoder) {
+    String componentName = (isVideo ? "Video" : "Audio") + (isDecoder ? "Decoder" : "Encoder");
+    if (cause instanceof IOException) {
+      return TransformationException.createForCodec(
+          cause,
+          componentName,
+          format,
+          isDecoder
+              ? TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_DECODER_INIT_FAILED
+              : TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_ENCODER_INIT_FAILED);
+    }
+    if (cause instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
+      return TransformationException.createForCodec(
+          cause,
+          componentName,
+          format,
+          isDecoder
+              ? TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_DECODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED
+              : TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_ENCODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED);
+    }
+    return TransformationException.createForUnexpected(cause);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java
index f647320884..d8c016e50d 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/SamplePipeline.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package androidx.media3.transformer;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 
 /**
  * Pipeline for processing {@link DecoderInputBuffer DecoderInputBuffers}.
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
    * Processes the input data and returns whether more data can be processed by calling this method
    * again.
    */
-  boolean processData() throws ExoPlaybackException;
+  boolean processData() throws TransformationException;
 
   /** Returns the output format of the pipeline if available, and {@code null} otherwise. */
   @Nullable
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformationException.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformationException.java
index 7b0122f792..4a0eee76cc 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformationException.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformationException.java
@@ -24,9 +24,12 @@ import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE_USE;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import androidx.annotation.IntDef;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.Clock;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.Util;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.audio.AudioProcessor.AudioFormat;
 import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -36,6 +39,36 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 @UnstableApi
 public final class TransformationException extends Exception {
 
+  /**
+   * Creates an instance for a decoder or encoder related exception.
+   *
+   * @param cause The cause of the failure.
+   * @param componentName The name of the component used, e.g. 'VideoEncoder'.
+   * @param format The {@link Format} used for the decoder/encoder.
+   * @param errorCode See {@link #errorCode}.
+   * @return The created instance.
+   */
+  public static TransformationException createForCodec(
+      Throwable cause, String componentName, Format format, int errorCode) {
+    return new TransformationException(
+        componentName + " error, format = " + format, cause, errorCode);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an instance for an audio processing related exception.
+   *
+   * @param cause The cause of the failure.
+   * @param componentName The name of the {@link AudioProcessor} used.
+   * @param audioFormat The {@link AudioFormat} used.
+   * @param errorCode See {@link #errorCode}.
+   * @return The created instance.
+   */
+  public static TransformationException createForAudioProcessor(
+      Throwable cause, String componentName, AudioFormat audioFormat, int errorCode) {
+    return new TransformationException(
+        componentName + " error, audio_format = " + audioFormat, cause, errorCode);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates an instance for an unexpected exception.
    *
@@ -74,6 +107,7 @@ public final class TransformationException extends Exception {
         ERROR_CODE_ENCODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED,
         ERROR_CODE_GL_INIT_FAILED,
         ERROR_CODE_GL_PROCESSING_FAILED,
+        ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_PROCESSOR_INIT_FAILED,
       })
   public @interface ErrorCode {}
 
@@ -106,13 +140,18 @@ public final class TransformationException extends Exception {
   /** Caused by requesting to encode content in a format that is not supported by the device. */
   public static final int ERROR_CODE_ENCODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED = 3003;
 
-  // GL errors (4xxx).
+  // Video editing errors (4xxx).
 
   /** Caused by a GL initialization failure. */
   public static final int ERROR_CODE_GL_INIT_FAILED = 4001;
   /** Caused by a failure while using or releasing a GL program. */
   public static final int ERROR_CODE_GL_PROCESSING_FAILED = 4002;
 
+  // Audio editing errors (5xxx).
+
+  /** Caused by an audio processor initialization failure. */
+  public static final int ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_PROCESSOR_INIT_FAILED = 5001;
+
   /** Returns the name of a given {@code errorCode}. */
   public static String getErrorCodeName(@ErrorCode int errorCode) {
     switch (errorCode) {
@@ -136,6 +175,8 @@ public final class TransformationException extends Exception {
         return "ERROR_CODE_GL_INIT_FAILED";
       case ERROR_CODE_GL_PROCESSING_FAILED:
         return "ERROR_CODE_GL_PROCESSING_FAILED";
+      case ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_PROCESSOR_INIT_FAILED:
+        return "ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_PROCESSOR_INIT_FAILED";
       default:
         return "invalid error code";
     }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Transformer.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Transformer.java
index 6608d19c3e..0e7b3c1852 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Transformer.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/Transformer.java
@@ -831,29 +831,33 @@ public final class Transformer {
     @Override
     public void onTracksInfoChanged(TracksInfo tracksInfo) {
       if (muxerWrapper.getTrackCount() == 0) {
+        // TODO(b/209469847): Do not silently drop unsupported tracks and throw a more specific
+        // exception earlier.
         handleTransformationEnded(
-            new IllegalStateException(
-                "The output does not contain any tracks. Check that at least one of the input"
-                    + " sample formats is supported."));
+            TransformationException.createForUnexpected(
+                new IllegalStateException(
+                    "The output does not contain any tracks. Check that at least one of the input"
+                        + " sample formats is supported.")));
       }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onPlayerError(PlaybackException error) {
-      // TODO(internal b/209469847): Once TransformationException is used in transformer components,
-      // extract TransformationExceptions wrapped in the PlaybackExceptions here before passing them
-      // on.
-      handleTransformationEnded(error);
+      Throwable cause = error.getCause();
+      handleTransformationEnded(
+          cause instanceof TransformationException
+              ? (TransformationException) cause
+              : TransformationException.createForUnexpected(error));
     }
 
-    private void handleTransformationEnded(@Nullable Exception exception) {
-      @Nullable Exception resourceReleaseException = null;
+    private void handleTransformationEnded(@Nullable TransformationException exception) {
+      @Nullable TransformationException resourceReleaseException = null;
       try {
         releaseResources(/* forCancellation= */ false);
       } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-        // TODO(internal b/209469847): Use a TransformationException with a specific error code when
-        // the IllegalStateException is caused by the muxer.
-        resourceReleaseException = e;
+        // TODO(internal b/209469847): Use a more specific error code when the IllegalStateException
+        // is caused by the muxer.
+        resourceReleaseException = TransformationException.createForUnexpected(e);
       }
 
       if (exception == null && resourceReleaseException == null) {
@@ -862,15 +866,10 @@ public final class Transformer {
       }
 
       if (exception != null) {
-        listener.onTransformationError(
-            mediaItem,
-            exception instanceof TransformationException
-                ? exception
-                : TransformationException.createForUnexpected(exception));
+        listener.onTransformationError(mediaItem, exception);
       }
       if (resourceReleaseException != null) {
-        listener.onTransformationError(
-            mediaItem, TransformationException.createForUnexpected(resourceReleaseException));
+        listener.onTransformationError(mediaItem, resourceReleaseException);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
index c1d0f2f1ed..3819659d3b 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerAudioRenderer.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
 import androidx.media3.common.Metadata;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.FormatHolder;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.SampleStream.ReadDataResult;
 import androidx.media3.extractor.metadata.mp4.SlowMotionData;
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ import androidx.media3.extractor.metadata.mp4.SlowMotionData;
 
   /** Attempts to read the input format and to initialize the {@link SamplePipeline}. */
   @Override
-  protected boolean ensureConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+  protected boolean ensureConfigured() throws TransformationException {
     if (samplePipeline != null) {
       return true;
     }
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ import androidx.media3.extractor.metadata.mp4.SlowMotionData;
     }
     Format inputFormat = checkNotNull(formatHolder.format);
     if (shouldTranscode(inputFormat)) {
-      samplePipeline = new AudioSamplePipeline(inputFormat, transformation, getIndex());
+      samplePipeline = new AudioSamplePipeline(inputFormat, transformation);
     } else {
       samplePipeline = new PassthroughSamplePipeline(inputFormat);
     }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerBaseRenderer.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerBaseRenderer.java
index 29bdce9048..85a8eab957 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerBaseRenderer.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerBaseRenderer.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
 import androidx.media3.common.MimeTypes;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.BaseRenderer;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
@@ -95,11 +96,24 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 
   @Override
   public final void render(long positionUs, long elapsedRealtimeUs) throws ExoPlaybackException {
-    if (!isRendererStarted || isEnded() || !ensureConfigured()) {
-      return;
-    }
+    try {
+      if (!isRendererStarted || isEnded() || !ensureConfigured()) {
+        return;
+      }
 
-    while (feedMuxerFromPipeline() || samplePipeline.processData() || feedPipelineFromInput()) {}
+      while (feedMuxerFromPipeline() || samplePipeline.processData() || feedPipelineFromInput()) {}
+    } catch (TransformationException e) {
+      // Transformer extracts the TransformationException from this ExoPlaybackException again. This
+      // temporary wrapping is needed due to the dependence on ExoPlayer's BaseRenderer.
+      throw ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
+          e,
+          "Transformer",
+          getIndex(),
+          /* rendererFormat= */ null,
+          C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
+          /* isRecoverable= */ false,
+          PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+    }
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -134,7 +148,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 
   @ForOverride
   @EnsuresNonNullIf(expression = "samplePipeline", result = true)
-  protected abstract boolean ensureConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException;
+  protected abstract boolean ensureConfigured() throws TransformationException;
 
   @RequiresNonNull({"samplePipeline", "#1.data"})
   protected void maybeQueueSampleToPipeline(DecoderInputBuffer inputBuffer) {
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerVideoRenderer.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerVideoRenderer.java
index e2e5d2fcf7..dee7d7f048 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerVideoRenderer.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerVideoRenderer.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import android.content.Context;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.FormatHolder;
 import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.SampleStream.ReadDataResult;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
 
   /** Attempts to read the input format and to initialize the {@link SamplePipeline}. */
   @Override
-  protected boolean ensureConfigured() throws ExoPlaybackException {
+  protected boolean ensureConfigured() throws TransformationException {
     if (samplePipeline != null) {
       return true;
     }
@@ -73,8 +72,7 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.RequiresNonNull;
     Format inputFormat = checkNotNull(formatHolder.format);
     if (shouldTranscode(inputFormat)) {
       samplePipeline =
-          new VideoSamplePipeline(
-              context, inputFormat, transformation, getIndex(), debugViewProvider);
+          new VideoSamplePipeline(context, inputFormat, transformation, debugViewProvider);
     } else {
       samplePipeline = new PassthroughSamplePipeline(inputFormat);
     }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/VideoSamplePipeline.java b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/VideoSamplePipeline.java
index 52705612ce..f8bf864e57 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/VideoSamplePipeline.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/main/java/androidx/media3/transformer/VideoSamplePipeline.java
@@ -26,11 +26,8 @@ import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import androidx.media3.common.C;
 import androidx.media3.common.Format;
-import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
 import androidx.media3.decoder.DecoderInputBuffer;
-import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlaybackException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
 
 /**
@@ -55,9 +52,8 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
       Context context,
       Format inputFormat,
       Transformation transformation,
-      int rendererIndex,
       Transformer.DebugViewProvider debugViewProvider)
-      throws ExoPlaybackException {
+      throws TransformationException {
     decoderInputBuffer =
         new DecoderInputBuffer(DecoderInputBuffer.BUFFER_REPLACEMENT_MODE_DISABLED);
     encoderOutputBuffer =
@@ -88,24 +84,18 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
     // postrotation in a later vertex shader.
     transformation.transformationMatrix.postRotate(outputRotationDegrees);
 
-    try {
-      encoder =
-          MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForVideoEncoding(
-              new Format.Builder()
-                  .setWidth(outputWidth)
-                  .setHeight(outputHeight)
-                  .setRotationDegrees(0)
-                  .setSampleMimeType(
-                      transformation.videoMimeType != null
-                          ? transformation.videoMimeType
-                          : inputFormat.sampleMimeType)
-                  .build(),
-              ImmutableMap.of());
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      // TODO(internal b/192864511): Assign a specific error code.
-      throw createRendererException(
-          e, rendererIndex, inputFormat, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
-    }
+    encoder =
+        MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForVideoEncoding(
+            new Format.Builder()
+                .setWidth(outputWidth)
+                .setHeight(outputHeight)
+                .setRotationDegrees(0)
+                .setSampleMimeType(
+                    transformation.videoMimeType != null
+                        ? transformation.videoMimeType
+                        : inputFormat.sampleMimeType)
+                .build(),
+            ImmutableMap.of());
     if (inputFormat.height != outputHeight
         || inputFormat.width != outputWidth
         || !transformation.transformationMatrix.isIdentity()) {
@@ -118,17 +108,12 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
               /* outputSurface= */ checkNotNull(encoder.getInputSurface()),
               debugViewProvider);
     }
-    try {
-      decoder =
-          MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForVideoDecoding(
-              inputFormat,
-              frameEditor == null
-                  ? checkNotNull(encoder.getInputSurface())
-                  : frameEditor.getInputSurface());
-    } catch (IOException e) {
-      throw createRendererException(
-          e, rendererIndex, inputFormat, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_DECODER_INIT_FAILED);
-    }
+    decoder =
+        MediaCodecAdapterWrapper.createForVideoDecoding(
+            inputFormat,
+            frameEditor == null
+                ? checkNotNull(encoder.getInputSurface())
+                : frameEditor.getInputSurface());
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -257,16 +242,4 @@ import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
     decoder.release();
     encoder.release();
   }
-
-  private static ExoPlaybackException createRendererException(
-      Throwable cause, int rendererIndex, Format inputFormat, int errorCode) {
-    return ExoPlaybackException.createForRenderer(
-        cause,
-        TAG,
-        rendererIndex,
-        inputFormat,
-        /* rendererFormatSupport= */ C.FORMAT_HANDLED,
-        /* isRecoverable= */ false,
-        errorCode);
-  }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerTest.java b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerTest.java
index 6d95dd7a9e..4887a3a2d2 100644
--- a/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerTest.java
+++ b/libraries/transformer/src/test/java/androidx/media3/transformer/TransformerTest.java
@@ -24,11 +24,15 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.media.MediaCrypto;
+import android.media.MediaFormat;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.view.Surface;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
 import androidx.media3.common.MimeTypes;
 import androidx.media3.common.util.Util;
@@ -39,6 +43,7 @@ import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -232,6 +237,63 @@ public final class TransformerTest {
     DumpFileAsserts.assertOutput(context, testMuxer, getDumpFileName(FILE_WITH_SEF_SLOW_MOTION));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void startTransformation_withAudioEncoderFormatUnsupported_completesWithError()
+      throws Exception {
+    Transformer transformer =
+        new Transformer.Builder(context)
+            .setClock(clock)
+            .setMuxerFactory(new TestMuxerFactory())
+            .setAudioMimeType(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AMR_WB) // unsupported encoder MIME type
+            .build();
+    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri(URI_PREFIX + FILE_AUDIO_ONLY);
+
+    transformer.startTransformation(mediaItem, outputPath);
+    TransformationException exception = TransformerTestRunner.runUntilError(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exception).hasCauseThat().isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+    assertThat(exception.errorCode)
+        .isEqualTo(TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_ENCODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void startTransformation_withAudioDecoderFormatUnsupported_completesWithError()
+      throws Exception {
+    Transformer transformer =
+        new Transformer.Builder(context)
+            .setClock(clock)
+            .setMuxerFactory(new TestMuxerFactory())
+            .setAudioMimeType(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AAC) // supported encoder MIME type
+            .build();
+    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri(URI_PREFIX + FILE_WITH_ALL_SAMPLE_FORMATS_UNSUPPORTED);
+
+    transformer.startTransformation(mediaItem, outputPath);
+    TransformationException exception = TransformerTestRunner.runUntilError(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exception).hasCauseThat().isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+    assertThat(exception.errorCode)
+        .isEqualTo(TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_DECODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void startTransformation_withVideoEncoderFormatUnsupported_completesWithError()
+      throws Exception {
+    Transformer transformer =
+        new Transformer.Builder(context)
+            .setClock(clock)
+            .setMuxerFactory(new TestMuxerFactory())
+            .setVideoMimeType(MimeTypes.VIDEO_H263) // unsupported encoder MIME type
+            .build();
+    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri(URI_PREFIX + FILE_VIDEO_ONLY);
+
+    transformer.startTransformation(mediaItem, outputPath);
+    TransformationException exception = TransformerTestRunner.runUntilError(transformer);
+
+    assertThat(exception).hasCauseThat().isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class);
+    assertThat(exception.errorCode)
+        .isEqualTo(TransformationException.ERROR_CODE_ENCODING_FORMAT_UNSUPPORTED);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void startTransformation_withPlayerError_completesWithError() throws Exception {
     Transformer transformer = new Transformer.Builder(context).setClock(clock).build();
@@ -541,6 +603,30 @@ public final class TransformerTest {
     ShadowMediaCodec.addDecoder(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AAC, codecConfig);
     ShadowMediaCodec.addDecoder(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AMR_NB, codecConfig);
     ShadowMediaCodec.addEncoder(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AAC, codecConfig);
+
+    ShadowMediaCodec.CodecConfig throwingCodecConfig =
+        new ShadowMediaCodec.CodecConfig(
+            /* inputBufferSize= */ 10_000,
+            /* outputBufferSize= */ 10_000,
+            new ShadowMediaCodec.CodecConfig.Codec() {
+
+              @Override
+              public void process(ByteBuffer in, ByteBuffer out) {
+                out.put(in);
+              }
+
+              @Override
+              public void onConfigured(
+                  MediaFormat format,
+                  @Nullable Surface surface,
+                  @Nullable MediaCrypto crypto,
+                  int flags) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Format unsupported");
+              }
+            });
+    ShadowMediaCodec.addDecoder(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AC3, throwingCodecConfig);
+    ShadowMediaCodec.addEncoder(MimeTypes.AUDIO_AMR_WB, throwingCodecConfig);
+    ShadowMediaCodec.addEncoder(MimeTypes.VIDEO_H263, throwingCodecConfig);
   }
 
   private static void removeEncodersAndDecoders() {